
Class _ BB4S2)._ 

Book__ 3viS2i- 
(jom^hiW 

COPyRIGHT DEPOSIT 



INDEX MAP OF 

«r\^^'^r'»^OT PAS 
SHOWING AREAS COVERED BY THE 

SECTIONAL DIAGRAMS 




0f PrflBjj^rt f ark 

i>> LOUIS HARMAN FEET 




AMERICAN PRINTING HOUSE 
318 and 320 East Twenty-third Street, New York 



THE LIBRARY OF 
CONGRESS, 

Two Copies Received 

FEB 26 1903 

Copyright Entry 
CLASS <-A^ XXo. No 
COPY B. 



Copyright, 1902, by 
Louis Harman Peet 



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00 Mvi Wtfr 

IS^ . M • P • 



PREFACE. 

This book has been prepared to aid the city nature 
lovers who frequent our beautiful Park in identifying 
its trees and shrubs by diagrams of location and text 
description. Its need grew out of actual experience 
and it is hoped that its service will be direct and prac- 
tical. 

How many there are who come to our Park to whom 
the trees are simply trees and the shrubs, bushes. The 
individuality of the oak, the hornbeam, or the maple 
is lost to them in the general mass. Many of these 
would gladly learn had they the time or opportunity 
and to meet the needs of such and also to supplement 
mere identification with descriptions of characteristics 
of form, foliage, flower and fruit, has been the gov- 
erning purpose in the general plan of preparing this 
book. Its method is self-evident and the park rambler, 
following the paths, soon gets to recognize the various 
types of trees and shrubs. These grow more and 
more distinctive and individual as their observed char- 
acteristics become more familiar to him and he finds 
out that when these have been once learned thorough- 
ly, not only has he learned them for Prospect Park, 
but for Central Park, and, in short, for the parks of 
most cities of climatic conditions similar to ours. 

Of course, in using this book, it must be borne in 
mind that it would be utterly impossible to locate 



Vlll 

evefy tree and shrub passed along the Walks, on t\\6 
sectional diagrams. Only those mentioned in thte 
descriptive text are plotted and in using the diagrams 
to locate these care in judging distances should be 
exercised. To attempt to plot, on diagrams of the 
scales used in this book, every tree or shrub along 
the pathside would result in a mass of black spots 
from which it would be impossible to distinguish any- 
thing. It was therefore thought best to locate sonic 
of the representative types clearly and distinctly 
rather than to attempt to locate all from which none 
could be definitely found. Try to find shrubs or trees 
on the diagrams at easily distinguishable points and 
work from these to others, verifying, as you go along, 
by the descriptive text. If you find you have not 
judged the distances rightly, the descriptive text 
should act as a check upon you to set you right. 

To further assist the user of this hand-book in the 
identification of the representative dots upon the dia- 
grams various landmarks, such as lamp-posts, statues, 
tablets, arches, rustic shelters have been extensively 
marked and these will serve to rectify wrong or to 
reassure correct judgments of distancing. 

So let the lover of nature, who walks here in his 
leisure hours take up the study of these beautiful trees 
and shrubs with the determined purpose of knozmng 
them. In the knowing of them this book can be but a 
suggestive aid. If you would get the most from it, 
follow up its hints in your botanical text and refer- 
ence books. Indeed this is the proper way to use 
.the book. It is intended to show you a little and then 



IX 



you yourself must do more by following up the hint, 
enlarging your knowledge by wider studies of the 
details of bud, flower, leaf, bark and general character- 
istics of habits of growth. 

For this further study of details, the author strongly 
recommends the use of such excellent text-books as 
Gray's Field, Forest and Garden Botany, revised by 
L. H. Bailey, Keeler's Our Native Trees (which is 
equipped with excellent photographs), Apgar's Trees 
of the Northern United States, Dame and Brooks's 
Hand-book of the Trees of New England. Any of 
these makes a good field book to take with you on 
your rambles. If you wish to go further, the follow^- 
ing larger works will be found of great practical 
value : Loudon's Cyclopedia of Trees, Bailey's Cyclo- 
pedia of Horticulture, Sargent's Silva of North Ameri- 
ca, Britton and Brown's Flora of the Northeastern 
United States, Emerson's Report on the Trees and 
Shrubs of Massachusetts. These can be consulted in 
any good sized library. 

In the preparation and completion of this book the 
author wishes to express his thanks for many cour- 
tesies extended by Commissioner Richard Young of 
the Park Department and for much practical aid 
and valuable suggestions most cordially given bv Mr. 
John Whalley, Arboriculturist of Prospect Park and 
Mr. Edward Kasold, Foreman Tree Planter of Pros- 
pect Park. 

The author's acknowledgments for valuable inform- 
ation regarding many of the rare varieties are also 
hereby expressed to Dr. C. S. Sargent of the Arnold 



Arboretum. Dr. Charles H. Peck, State Botanist of 
New York, to Messrs. Ellwanger and Barry of the 
Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y., to Mr. S. B. 
Parsons and Mr. Theodore Lawlor of the Parsons 
Nurseries, Flushing, N. Y., and to his friend and fel- 
low park rambler. Dr. L. Frazee, of this city, whose 
ripe knowledge, generous sympathy and cordial inter- 
est in the preparation of this book has helped very 
materially in its completion. 

The author wishes also to express his appreciation 
of the skillful work done on his sectional diagrams 
by Mr. Edward Yorke Farquhar of Flatbush. 

LOUIS HARMAN PERT. 

755 Ocean Avenue, 

Flatbush, Brooklyn, N. Y. 



CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER PAGE 

I. Plaza Entrance to Battle Pass 7 

II. Battle Pass to Flower Garden 26 

III. Flower Garden 43 

IV. Willink Entrance to Irving Statue 57 

V. Irving Statue to Ocean Avenue Entrance 72 

VI. Lincoln Statue to First Summer House 90 

VII. First Summer House to Second Summer House, 

Large Lake 103 

VIII. Second to Fourth Summer House, Large Lake. . 119 

IX. Fourth Summer House to Breeze Hill 133 

X. Around Lullwater 161 

XL Music Stand to Long Meadow 188 

XII. Long Meadow to Plaza Entrance 206 

Index 221 

LIST OF SECTIONAL DIAGRAMS. 
General Index Map Frontispiece 

PAGE 

Sectional Diagram No. i 2 

Sectional Diagram No. 2 22 

Sectional Diagram No. 3 38 

Sectional Diagram No. 4 54 

Sectional Diagram No. 5 68 

Sectional Diagram No. 6 86 

Sectional Diagram No. 7 100 

Sectional Diagram No. 8 116 

Sectional Diagram No. 9 128 

Sectional Diagram No. 10 '. 156 

Sectional Diagram No. 11 184 

Sectional Diagram No. 12 202 



TREES AND SHRUBS 
OF PROSPECT PARK 




^vA^^ 



PLAIA EMJTRAIMCE 
BATTLE PASS, 



Explanations, Sectional Diagram No. i 



Common Name 

1. Weeping English oak. 

2. Austrian pine. 

3. Swiss stone pine. 

4. Japan ground cypress or 

Japan arbor vitse, 
(Golden plume-leaved) 

5. Japan ground cypress or 

Japan arbor vitae. 
(Plume-leaved). 

6. Japan ground cypress or 

Japan arbor vitse. 
(Variety squarrosa). 

7. Koelreuteria. 

8 Bumald's spiraea. 

9. Eagle's claw maple. 

10. Silver maple. 

11. Scotch elm. 

12. Paper or canoe birch. 

13. Nordmann's silver fir. 

14. Oriental spruce. 

15. Cornelian cherry. 

16. Weeping European 

beech. 

17. Judas tree or redbud. 

18. Japan quince. 

19. Copper beech. 

20. English hawthorn. 

21. Bush cranberry. 

22. American basswood. 

23. European flowering ash. 

24. Silver bell or snowdrop 

tree, 

25. English field maple. 

26. European linden. 



Botanical Name 

Qucrcus rohur, var. pcndula. 

Pinus Austriaca. 

Pinus Cembra. 

Charncucy Paris (or Retinos- 
pora) pisifera, var. plumosa 
aurea. 

Cliamcecy Paris (or Retinos- 
pora) pisifera, var. plu- 
mosa. 

Cliamcecy paris (or Retinos- 
pora) pisifera, var. squar- 
rosa. 

Koelreuteria paniculata. 

Spircea Japonica, var. Bum- 
alda. 

Acer platanoides, var. laci- 
niatum. 

Acer dasycarpum. 

Ulmus montana. 

Betula papyrifera. 

Abies Nordmanniana. 

Picea Orientalis. 

Camus mascula. 

Fagus sylvatica, var. pendula. 

Cercis Canadensis. 

Cydo n ia Japonica. 

Fagus sylvatica, var. cuprca. 

CratcFgus oxyacantha. 

Viburnum opulis. 

Tilia Americana. 

Fraximis ornus. 

Halesia tetraptera. 

Acer campestre. 
Tilia Europcea. 



Common Name 



Botanical Name 



27. European silver linden. 

28. Smoke tree. 

29. Reeve's or lance-leaved 

spiraea. 

30. Reeve's double flowered 

spiraea. 

31. Mugho pine'. 

^2. Common locust. 

2S- Cephalonian silver fir. 

34. Japan quince. 

35. Hop hornbeam or iron- 

wood. 

36. Kentucky coffee tree. 
S7. Bhotan pine. 

38. Japan pagoda tree. 

39. European hornbeam. 

40. Common snowball or 

guelder rose. 

41. Hemlock. 

42. Golden bell or Forsythia. 

43. Sassafras. 

44. Bridal wreath spiraea. 

45. French mulberry. 

46. Dwarf mountain sumac. 

47. Fragrant honeysuckle. 

48. European holly. 

49. Shady hydrangea. 

50. Yellow-wood. 

51. Norway maple. 

52. European hazel. 

53. Staghorn sumac. 

54. American hazel. 

55. Arrowwood. 

56. Common elder. 

57. Oriental plane tree, 

58. White mulberry. 

59. Oriental plane tree. 

60. Scotch pine. 

61. Common horsechestnut. 

62. Dwarf or Japan catalpa. 

63. Indian bean tree or 

Southern catalpa. 

64. Weeping willow. 



Tilia Europcca, var. argentea. 
Rhus cofiiius. 
Spircca Rccvcsiana. 

Spircca Rccvcsiana, var. Ho re 

plcno. 
Pinus montana var. Mughus. 
Robinia pscudacacia. 
Abies Ccphalonica. 
Cydonia Japonica. 
Ostrya Virginica. 

Gymnocladus Canadensis. 
Pinus excclsa. 
Soph or a Japonica. 
Carpinus bctulus. 
Piburmun opulis, var. stcrilis. 

Tsuga Canadensis. 
P rsyth ia z ' ir idissim a . 
Sassafras oiUcinale. 
Spircca prunifolia. 
Callicarpa Americana. 
Rhus copallina. 
Loniccra fragrant issinia. 
Ilex aquifolium. 
Hydrangea arborescens. 
Cladrastis tinctoria. 
Acer platanoides. 
Corylus avcllana. 
Rhus typhina. 
Corylus Americana. 
J'ibiirnum dentatum. 
Sambuens Canadensis. 
Platanus Orientalis. 
Morns alba. 
Platanus Orientalis. 
Pinus sylvestris. 
/Bsculus hippocastanum. 
Catalpa Bungei. 
Catalpa bignonioides. 

Salix Babvlonica. 



Common Name 



Botanical Name 



65. English oak. 

66. Large-raceined dwarf 

horsechestnut. 

67. Slender Deutzia. 

68. Purple barberry. 

69. Flowering dogwood. 

70. Fern-leaved beech. 

71. Five leaved akebia. 

'jz. Cockspur thorn variety 

pyracanthafolia. 
y:^. Lovely azalea. 

74. Mock orange or sweet 

syringa. 

75. Weeping Japan pagoda 

tree. 
'](). Weeping Norway spruce. 
"jj. Andromeda. (axillary 

flowers). 

78. Hercules's club, Devil's 

walking stick, or An- 
gelica tree. 

79. Buttonbush. 

80. Soulange's magnolia. 

81. Fortune's dwarf white 

spiraea. 

82. English cork-bark elm. 

83. Umbrella tree. 

84. Tartarian honeysuckle. 

85. Hercules's club, Devil's 

walking stick, or An- 
gelica tree. 
?h. Purple-leaved elm. 

87. Clump o'f Austrian pines, 

Scotch pines, hemlocks 
and Swiss stone pine. 

88. Tulip tree. 

89. Corsican pine. 

90. Weigela. 

91. Black walnut. 



Qucrcus rohur. 
Paz'ia macrostachya. 

Deutma gracilis. 

Berheris vulgaris, var. pur- 

piirea. 
Cornus Horida. 
Fagiis sylvatica, var. hcter- 

ophylla. 
Azalea ama:na. 
Crataegus crus-galli, var. 

pyracanthafolia. 
Azalea aniccna. 
Philadelphus coronarius. 

Sophora Japonica, var. pen- 

dula. 
Pecia excelsa. var. invcrta. 
Andromeda axillaris. 

A r alia spinosa. 



Cephalanthus occidentalis. 
Magnolia Soulangeana. 
Spircca callosa, var. alba. 

Vlmiis campestris. var. snhc- 

rosa. 
Magnolia umbrella. 
Lonicera Tartaric a. 
Aralia spinosa. 



Ulmus campestris, var. stricta 
purpurea. 



Liriodendron tulipifera. 
Pinus Austriaca, var. laricie. 
Dieri ilia rosea. 
Juglans nigra. 



Common Name 



Botanical Name 



92. 
93- 

94. 

95- 
96. 
97. 
98. 
99- 



American white ash. 

Ash-leaved maple or box 
elder. 

Californian privet. 

Scarlet fruited thorn. 

Sweet gum. 

American buttonwood. 

Cornelian cherry. 

Sugar maple. 
100. Spanish chestnut. 
loi. Scarlet oak. 

102. European beech. 

103. River or red birch. 

104. Weeping European ash. 

105. Hall's Japan magnolia. 

106. Sweet bay or swamp 

magnolia. 

107. Spicebush. 

108. Willow-leaved European 

ash. 

109. Turkey oak. 

no. Single-leaved European 
ash. 

111. Willow oak. 

112. Oleaster. 

113. European or tree alder. 

114. Sessile-leaved Weigela. 

115. American beech. 

116. Red oak. 

117. Bur oak or mossy cup 

oak. 

118. Smooth winterberry. 

119. Thunberg's or winged 

spindle tree. 

120. European mountain-ash. 

121. American holly. 

122. English walnut, or Ma- 

deira nut. 



Fraxinus Americana. 
Ncgundo aceroidcs. 

Ligustru m ovalifolium. 

Crataegus coccinca. 

Liquidamhar styraciflua. 

Platanus occidentalis- 

Cor mis mascula. 

Acer saccharinum. 

Castanea sativa. 

Onerciis coccinca. 

Fagus syhatica. 

Bctula nigra. 

Fraxinus excelsior, var. inon- 

ophylla. 
Magnolia stellata (or Flal- 

liana). 
Magnolia glauca. 

Benzoin benzoin. 

Fraxinus excelsior, var. sal- 

icifolia. 
Quercus cerris. 
Fraxinus excelsior, var. nion 

ophylla. 
Quercus phellos. 
Flcragnus angustifolia. 
Alnus glntinosa. 
Dicrvilla sessilifolia. 
Fagus ferruginea. 
Quercus rubra. 
Quercus macrocarpa. 

Ilex Idvigaia. 

Euonyniiis Tliunbergianus, or 

Euonymns alatus. 
Pyrus aucuparia. 
Ilex opaca. 
Jnglans regia. 



TREES AND SHRUBS 

OF PROSPECT PARK 



I. 

PLAZA ENTRANCE TO BATTLE PASS. 

**I wonder what that is !" 

This is the exclamation one hears so often, while 
strolling through the Park, from the casual rambler, 
suddenly arrested by the beauty of some shrub or 
tree. There are many people frequenting the Park 
who take more than a passing interest in the wealth 
of beautiful things gathered there for their delight and 
it is to these people that these articles are especially 
addressed. 

If you enter at the Plaza, taking the Walk east or 
at the left of the Drive, almost the first thing to greet 
you is the remarkable weeping English oak (Querciis 
robur, var. pcndula). It stands on the right of the 
Walk, about midway from the entrance to the first fork 
of the Walk. Its leaves are on very sliort stalks and 
deeply cut in. For oak leaves they are small. Well- 
grown Austrian pines (Pinits Ansfriaca) stand about 
here, quite conspicuously; one, just at the bend of the 
fork. They are fine, hardy trees and glorious sights 
when the ice storms coat them with crystal. They 



may be known easily by their chunky, sturdy appear- 
ance and tufting habit of bunching their leaves. As 
you entered you passed on the left Swiss stone pine, 
near the corner of the stone wall and beside it Ret- 
inospora pisifcra, var. pliiniosa aurca (golden plume- 
leaved). Nearer the Walk there is a variety of this 
plume-leaved Rctinospora which is not golden, and 
beside it, close by the Walk and about opposite the 
Turkey oak is a fine Rctinospora sqiiarrosa which you 
can know by its bluish silvery-green foliage. It is 
called sqiiarrosa because its leaves set out. squarely 
from the branch. Just a little beyond, the Walk di- 
vides, one fork (the left) running close to the ridge 
that hides the screaming trolley-cars as they plunge 
down the hill to Flatbush, and the other fork following 
along by the Drive until it meets the Long Meadow 
from under Endale Arch. 

If you take the fork by the ridge, the left-hand one, 
you will pass Austrian pine, on the point made by the 
fork of the Walk, Eagle's claw maple [Acer plata- 
noidcs, var. laciniatiiin) , a cut leaved variety of the 
Norway maple, and called "Eagle's claw" from the 
resemblance of its drooping leaves to the talons of 
that bird. On the left you have passed KaHreuteria 
and Scotch elm (Uluiiis moiitaiia) about opposite the 
Eagle's claw maple. Continuing, you pass, on the 
right, a beautiful white birch (paper or canoe birch) ; 
two or three little Nordmann silver firs, two very well 
formed Oriental spruces, Cornelian cherry, hemlock, 
Judas trees and Japan quince. 

On the left of the Walk you will find a handsome 



weeping- beech (about opposite the two Oriental 
spruces) and not far from the weeping beech, chimps 
of the large racemed dwarf horse-chestnut (Pavia 
luacrostachya) or long racemed buckeye, so handsome 
when in bloom in July. It is then covered with tall 
spires of white bloom. 

Near this spot the Walk sends off a short arm to the 
right, to Endale Arch. We do not turn off but keep 
along the path we are on, which climbs by a gentle 
rise toward the Arbor at Yale Cashmere. 

Continuing then, from the two handsome copper 
beeches which stand side by side on the south- 
erly side of the offshoot to Endale Arch, you pass, 
on the right beautiful young English hawthorns 
(Cratccgus oxyacantha) , which you can know by their 
small cut-lobed leaves wedge-shaped at the base and 
by their thorns ; clumps of Viburnum opulis or bush 
cranberry ; American basswood with large heart-shaped 
leaves, Bumald's spiraea, which bears rose-colored 
flowers in midsummer and graceful silver bell or 
snow-drop trees (Halesia tetraptcra). You can tell 
these last by the streaking lines through their bark. 
These trees are very beautiful in the spring when they 
are hung full of white bell shaped flowers (whence 
their name) just as the leaves appear. So pure, so 
fairy-like they seem, you can easily set them tinkling 
with a music never heard on sea or land — the flower 
herald-music of the spring ! Further along are Euro- 
pean flowering ash, English field maple (Acer cam- 
pestre), European linden, smoke tree (Rhus cotimis), 
Cephalonian silver firs (two of them very near to- 



lO 



getlier, with symmetrical conical tops), Kentucky cof- 
fee tree, Bhotan pine (noticeable by reason of its four 
trunks grown together at the base), Sophora Japonica 
(Japan pagoda tree), called so from the Arabian 
Sophcra, a tree with pea-shaped flowers, and, further 
on, hemlock. On the left you have passed Scotch 
pines (Pinns sylvestris), European silver lindens (Tilia 
Europcea, var. argentca), about opposite the smoke 
tree, Nordmann's silver fir, dwarf or Mugho pine 
(Piniis montana, var. Mughus), barberry, a good hop 
hornbeam or iron wood (Osfrya Virginica), opposite 
the Cephalonian silver firs, and very near the point 
where the Walk forks at the left, to go down to Rose 
Garden, a Japan snowball and a fine Japan quince. 

Just before you get to the Arbor look out, on your 
left, for a shrub which perhaps you may have already 
noticed, late in the autumn, hung full of small deli- 
cate berries, of a beautiful violet shade, strung all 
along its slender branches. This is the French mul- 
berry (C a! Hear pa Americana) , called so from Greek 
words meaning beauty and fruit. You will find it on 
the left as you approach the Arbor just beyond the 
fork of the Walk to the Rose Garden, and beside a 
clump of bridal wreath spiraea {Spircca prunifolia). 
The bridal wreath spiraea is well worth seeing in May 
when it hangs all along its slender branches pure white 
flowers in little umbels. It is very beautiful then and 
well deserves its name. 

If you do not care to go through the Arbor, take 
the turn of the path which leads off to the left just 
before you come to the Arbor and slips by a gentle 



II 



decline to the Rose Garden. This Httle side path has 
treasures, too : especially the glorious clump of dwarf 
mountain sumac or shining -sumac (Rhus copallina) 
which is a blaze of rich scarlet in the fall. The dis- 
tinguishing feature of this shrub is its leaf stem, which 
is winged between the leaflets. On the right of the 
path are splendid bushes of the early fly honeysuckle 
(Loiiicera fragrantissinia). This honeysuckle is half 
evergreen in our vicinity and is easily recognized by 
the little cusp or point that tips its thick ovate leaves. 
As the path reaches the Rose Garden it branches off 
with a fork to the left, which in summer runs along 
a delightfully shaded path, parallel with Flatbush 
Avenue for some little distance. Dense growths of 
bushes almost make it a country wayside. If you walk 
here in early summer you will find clumps of traihng 
bittersweet or nightshade (Solanuin dulcamara) with 
beautiful violet flowers which later, develop into shin- 
ing ruby berries that hang all over the plant. Let these 
berries alone. You can look at them, but don't touch 
them : that is the safest way. Overhead the beautiful 
Bhotan pines hang their silvery tassel-like bunches of 
needles all trembling and shimmering with every 
breeze. Fine Norway maples throw grateful shades. 
Further along, on the left, are goodly growths of hazel 
and great masses of stag-horn sumac (Rhus typhina). 
On the right dense masses of Vihurnum dcntatum or 
arrow-wood, and nine-bark Physocarpus (or Spircca) 
opnlifolia. The leaf of the arrow-wood is very beauti- 
ful in the regularity of its notching. A glance at the 
ragged tattered stems of the nine-bark tells that it 



12 



lives up to Its name and you think you could peel ollf 
more than nine layers of its bark without half trying. 
Great masses of elder (Samhucns) are here also and 
when they are in bloom (June or July) they seem to 
fill the path with drifts of snow. When you have 
followed this Walk to a point about opposite the ex- 
treme southerly end of the Rose Garden, it throws 
off a branch at right angles. This branch leads over 
toward Vale Cashmere, a lovely spot, in whose bosom 
a little dreaming pool lies half asleep, trembling to 
the soft music of a fountain that seems to never tire 
of playing with rainbows in the sunshine. We shall 
not take this yet, but will continue along the path we 
are on, keeping parallel with Flatbush Avenue. We 
come out now into an open space with a fine stretch 
of grass waving gently up to the brow of a rise. This 
rise is crowned with a picturesque and historic old 
weeping willow which flung its whispering leaves to the 
drum-beat of the Revolution, and near it stand a cluster 
of Indian bean trees (Catalpa hignonioidcs), which are 
fine sights in the last days of June or the early days of 
July when they set all their white horns (spotted with 
yellow and purple) and blow forth their silent beauty. 
The far right-hand crest of this slope is set with fine 
clumps of Austrian and Scotch pine. While you are 
looking at these, notice also the two splendid horse- 
chestnut trees (a little lower on the slope) that tower 
side by side, like twins in their similarity. They are 
beautifully formed trees, absolutely perfect specimens 
of their kind, both in leafage and symmetry of form. 
If now, you continue straight on south along the 



13 

Walk, you will pass, on the left, Mugho pine, single- 
leaved European ash, European flowering ash, willow- 
leaved European ash, white mulberry, Scotch pine 
and several European flowering ashes again. Just be- 
yond these the path forks again, the left branch slip- 
ping oflf down a delightful series of steps, leading 
under whispering hornbeams and rustling oaks and 
maples, while the right branch swings gently around 
toward the vicinity of Battle Pass. Almost opposite 
the fork of the Walks stands a good type of the Tur- 
key oak. We will take the right-hand fork. Along 
it you will be delighted in autumn by the tall heads of 
the iron weed (Vcrnonia novaboracensis) that reach 
out to you in cool purple from the grassy bankside 
at your right. Sturdy English oaks (Qnercus rohiir) 
line the path on the left, easily known by their leaves 
which are on very short stems and have a wavy-lobed 
cut. They are somewhat like the leaf of our white 
oak, but are loosely eared at the base and thicker. 
Their acorns have beautiful nuts, long, polished, cigar- 
like at point, and set in small clean-cut saucer-like caps. 
Down the slope a little, forming the point of a tri- 
angle with the Turkey oak and an English oak, stands 
a handsome red oak. 

Let us now go back to the Arbor that looks down 
into Vale Cashmere and start again from that particu- 
lar point, taking the path which leaves it from the 
west. This Arbor is a beautiful place at all times. 
It is hard to say when you like it best, be it May or 
June when the Wistaria, the laurel, the azaleas and 
the rhododendrons are in their glory or later, in July 



H 



or August, when the trumpet creeper (Tecoma or 
Bignonia radicans) pushes out its long scarlet horns 
and calls the humming birds. 

As you leave the Arbor, the path bends to the left 
and runs beside East Drive southward. To your left 
are azaleas, Dciizia gracilis, purple leaved barberries, 
Japan quince, bridal wreath spiraeas, dogwood and, 
climbing high in air at the point where a branch path 
leads down to the Pool, a fine Akcbia qiiinafa, with 
clover-like leaves (notched at the top) and plum- 
colored flowers in the spring. On your right you have 
passed copper beeches (near the drive-crossing), fern- 
leaved beech, diagonally opposite the young dogwoods 
on the other side of the path, fragrant honeysuckle 
Avith its cusp tipped leaves, silver bell (Halesia tctra- 
ptcra) called so from its seed, which is four (tetra) 
winged (ptera). 

Take now the little branch path at the left, down a 
series of steps to the Pool at the bottom of Vale Cash- 
mere, passing on your right a weeping European ash. 
If it is syringa (more properly Philadelphus) time, 
the way is through a veritable snowdrift of blossoms. 
Philadelphus coronarius is here, and Philadelphus 
grandiflorus with large ovate leaves, pointed and 
toothed, smooth and quite downy and sweeping re- 
curving branches which at once mark it from the 
coronarius. 

At the bottom of the series of steps is the cozy Pool. 
If it is early spring the Azalea aiiiccna, truly called the 
"lovely," spreads a mass of crimson on the point of 
land over there back of the fountain. Here, close to 



15 



the Walk (the westerly, beside the Pool) is a cockspur 
thorn of the variety pyracanthafoUa, and if you fol- 
low this Walk around the margin of the Pool you will 
pass Aralia spi]iosa, Andromeda axillaris with blos- 
soms, on curving stems, like rows of little lilies of the 
valley, Oriental spruce, magnificent rhododendrons, 
weeping Norway spruce, Forsythia viridissiina, button 
bush (Ccphalanthus occidcntalis) and sweet pepper- 
bush (Clcthra alni folia), near the stone posts at the 
southern end of the Pool, Spircca callosa, var. alba and 
Indian currant or coral berry (Symphoricarpos vul- 
garis). On the little peninsula, almost in the center 
of the Pool, stands a curious tree which you can easily 
pick out by its umbrella-like form. It is a weeping 
variety of the Japan pagoda tree or Sophora Japonica. 
The Sophora gets its name from its pea-like flowers 
and fruit. Around on the eastern side of the Pool you 
will find the smooth winterberry (Ilex Icevigata), the 
sweet bay or swamp magnolia (Magnolia glauca), and 
hidden a little back from the Walk, near a fork of 
the path to Rose Garden, the Enonynius Thunbergi- 
amis or Enonynius alafus, remarkable for the corky 
wings on its branches. 

From the Pool, going south, the path forks into two 
branches. The left runs past magnificent clumps of 
Vibnrmini plicatuni, Spiraea Reevesiana, Spircca Van 
Houttei, cork barked elms, umbrella trees, with leaves 
a foot long and over, Tartarian honeysuckle, with 
bright red berries in summer. Magnolia Soulangcana, 
covered in April with beautiful white flowers flushed 
with pink (pink on the outside, white on the inside). 



i6 



Just bevoiid the Sonlangcana, the path forks again. 
The left branch sHps around by clumps of Hercules's 
club (Aralia spiuosa), common snowball (Viburnum 
opulis, var. stcrilis), JVeigela, to meet the Walk, above 
spoken of, which follows parallel with Flatbush 
Avenue. The right branch glides along by easy turns 
to meet the Battle Pass Walk. This bends by bushes of 
sessile-leaved Weigcla, oleaster, well grown Austrian 
pines, hemlocks, under boughs of cherry birch which 
hang heavy with the gold lace of flowering catkins in 
the spring. This path bends now into the Walk 
which runs on down behind the rocky ramparts which 
an historic plate commemorates as Battle Pass. If you 
follow it from this point you will wander by a good 
sized Corsican pine on the right and a well grown 
Kentucky coffee tree, on the same side, a little beyond. 
About opposite the Kentucky coffee tree is a beautiful 
bush of the bridal wTcath spiraea (Spircca prunifolia) 
and almost at the point of intersection of this path 
with the Walk by the English oaks, spoken of above, 
stands an historic old black walnut "Which," says one 
of the Park reports, "Is the only one left of a former 
group which occupied the high ground near Valley 
Grove Road." Close by is the historic weeping willow 
(Salix Babylonica) above spoken of, which is also the 
only one remaining of a former group. About oppo- 
site the black w^alnut, you will find on the right of the 
Walk, English walnut, distinguishable by its com- 
pound leaves of from five to nine leaflets which are 
indistinctly serrate. 

The ledge of rock which bears the Battle Pass tablet 



17 



is crowned with a goodly company of conifers. 
Among them you will find the beautiful Himalayan 
or Bhotan pine with its soft and silvery tassels of 
leaves, the handsome Cephalonian silver firs with their 
stifif brush-like branches, the common white pines 
{Piiiiis sfrobus) with their short slender needles and 
the Norway sypruces with their strong mcurved leaves 
Come here wdien the wind sounds his orchestral music. 
Stand in this little grove and listen. The harp, the 
violin, the 'cello are all ringing with the melodies of 
heaven. Elder grows here in great clumps, making 
beautiful sights in early summer with their cymes 
of white liloom. Here, too, the lovely Hall's Japan 
honeysuckle creeps and climbs and sets its fragrant 
flowers to the air. white changing slowly to yellow. 
The spot is a veritable little wood glen. Its floor is 
covered with dry brown needles which have fallen 
from the conifers and it sends up whififs of spicy, pun- 
gent resin that carry you away, as by magic, to deep 
dark woods. This is one of the joys of Park rambling. 
A rock, a dell, stumbled into, sets wing to a thousand 
woodland memories and you live over again those, 
days wdiich if you are a city worker, are so rare and so 
lovely to you. 

Behind the evergreen-crowned ledge the Walk slips 
on down a good grade toward the Willink Entrance, 
passing on the right Kcclrciifcria, Cephalonian silver 
fir, Bhotan pine, Forsytliia riridissinia with its golden 
stars in early spring, syringa with snow in June, celan- 
dine, tall sweet gums or liquid ambers, leopard coated 
buttonwoods. spice bush, smoke trees rolling out their 



i8 



clouds of bloom in June and Cornelian cherry with 
its pretty clusters of dull yellow flowers which are 
almost the first to break out in early spring, before its 
leaves are out. Over on the border of the Drive, a 
little northwest of the sweet gums and buttonwoods 
you will find the River or Red Birch with gray-brown 
bark touched with cinnamon and rhombic-ovate leaves. 
On the left you passed Koclreutcria with its com- 
pound leaves of coarsely toothed leaflets ; American 
white ash, tall and straight with lozenge-plated bark 
and compound leaves, pale green on the under 
sides ; European silver linden, of sugar loaf 
form and cordate leaves, white on the under 
sides and dark glossy green on the upper sides ; wil- 
low leaved European ash ; ash-leaved maple easily dis- 
tinguished by its pinnate leaves of from three to five 
leaflets, usually three and rarely seven ; then two silver 
bell trees, known easily by their peculiarly marked 
bark, then a couple of spice-bushes ; Californian privet, 
with glossy dark green oval leaves ; and very near 
the point made by a junction of the path coming in 
from the left here, are a couple of handsome scarlet- 
fruited hawthorns. These you can know at once by 
their thorns and bright green, thin, smooth leaves of 
roundish ovate form, sharply lobed. The lobes are 
generally very regularly cut and give the leaves a 
very symmetrical look, but sometimes they vary greatly 
from this regularity of cut. These trees bloom pro- 
fusely in May, and in September are loaded with their 
bright scarlet fruit, large, for hawthorns (about half 



19 



an inch), round or pear-shaped, and the birds get 
after them with a vengeance. 

Back in the shrubbery, close by the border of the 
Pond, you will find a beautiful American beech, which 
you distinguish by its smooth light gray bark and 
chestnut-like leaves. 

Close by the culvert that lets a tumbling stream 
into Wild Fowl Pond, you will find sassafras with its 
three different kinds of leaves ; egg-shaped, mitten- 
shaped, double mitten-shaped, and a tall European 
or tree alder, which you will have no difficulty in find- 
ing if you look for its black last year's "cones" which 
are sure to be hanging on its branches. Its leaf, too, 
is decisive with a curved notch at the top. 

This brings us to Wild Fowl Pond on the one side 
and the drive crossing back of Battle Pass on the 
other. 



SECTIONAL DIAGRAM 

iATTLE PhBB 

TO 




Explanations, Sectional Diagram No. 2 



Common Name 



Botanical Name 



1. Californian privet. 

2. Cornelian cherry. 

3. Dotted fruited hawthorn. 

4. Ash-leaved maple or box 

elder. 

5. American hornbeam. 

6. European silver linden. 

7. Koelreuteria. 

8. Syringa. 

(Various kinds). 

9. Yellow-wood. 

10. European hazel. 

11. Common sweet pepper 

bush. 

12. European linden. 

13. White oak. 

14. English hawthorn. 

15. American chestnut. 

16. English elm. 

17. Sweet gum or bilsted. 

18. Mockernut or white- 

heart hickory. 

19. Colorado blue spruce. 

20. Norway maple. 

21. Nordmann's silver fir. 

22. Variegated Weigela. 

2^. Tulip tree. 

24. Spicebush. 

25. Bhotan pine. 

26. Wild red cherry. 

27. Shady hydrangea. 

28. Dotted fruited hawthorn. 



Ligustrum ovalifolium. 
Cor mis mascula. 
Cratccgtis punctata. 
Negundo accroidcs. 

Carpinus Caroliniana. 
Tilia Europaa, var. argentca. 
Kalreiitcria paniculata. 
Philadclphus. 

Cladrastis tinctoria. 
Corylus avcllana. 
Clef lira alni folia. 

Tilia Eur opera. 
Qucrciis alba. 
Cratcugus oxyacantha. 
Castanea satiz'a, var. Ameri- 
cana. 
Ulnius campcstris. 
Liquidamhar styraciUua. 
Carya tomcntosa. 

Picca piingcns. 
Acer platanoidcs. 
Abies Nordinanniana. 
Diervilla rosea, var. foliis var- 

iegatis. 
Liriodendron tidipifera. 
Benzoin benzoin. 
Finns excelsa. 

Prunus Pennsylvanicum. 
Hydrangea arboresecns. 
Cratcegus punctata. 



24 



Common Name 

29. Mugho pine. 

30. Laburnum, golden chain, 

or bean trefoil tree. 

31. Siberian pea tree. 

S2. Weeping bald cypress. 



33- 
34- 
35- 
36. 
37- 
38. 
39- 
40. 
41. 

42. 

43- 
44. 

45- 



47. 
48. 
49- 
50. 
51- 



Van Houtte's spirrea. 
English walnut. 
White mulberry. 
Buttonbush. 

Yellow flowered buckeye. 
Black haw. 
French tamarisk. 
Japan pagoda tree. 
Camperdown elm. 

Variegated English yew. 

Bhotan pine. 

Dockmackie or maple 
leaved arrow wood. 

Japan quince. 

Imperial cut-leaved Eu- 
ropean alder. 

European hornbeam. 

Black mulberry. 

Scotch elm. 

Golden bell or Forsythia. 

English cork bark elm. 



52. Austrian pine. 

53. Cherry birch. 

54. American beech. 

55. Sour gum, tupelo or pep- 

peridge. 

56. Black oak. 

57. Hemlock. 

58. Sycamore maple. 

59. English maple. 

60. Sugar or rock maple. 

61. Pin oak. 

62. Red maple. 



Botanical Name 

Pinus montana, var. Mughus. 
Lahurnum vulgarc. 

Caragaiia arboresccns. 
Taxodium distichum, var. 

pendulum. 
Spircca Van Houttci. 
Juglans rcgia. 
Morus alba. 

CcpJialanthus occidcntalis. 
Paz'ia hi tea. 
Viburnum prnnifolium. 
Tamarix Gallica. 
Sopliora Japonica. 
Ulmus montana, var. Cam- 

perdozvnii pendula. 
Taxus baccata, var. clegantis- 

sima. 
Pinus excelsa. 

J'ibunium accrifolium. 

C yd Ilia Japonica. 

.llnus glulinosa, var. lacin- 

iata imperialis. 
Carpinus bctulus. 
Morus nigra. 
Vlinus montana. 
Porsytliia viridissima. 
Ulmus campcstris, var. su- 

bcrosa. 
Pinus Austriaca. 
Betula Icnta. 
Pagus ferruginea. 
Nyssa sylvatica. 

Quercus coccinea, var. tine- 

toria. 
Tsuga Canadensis. 
Acer pseudoplatanus. 
Acer campestre. 
Acer saccharinum. 
Quercus palustris. 
Acer rub runt. 



25 

CoMJ'ON Name Botanical Name 

63. Washington thorn. Cratccgus conlata. 

64. Silver maple. Acer dasycarpum. 

65. Mockernut or white- Caiya tomcntosa. 

heart hickory. 

66. European beech. Fagtis syhatica. 

67. Striped maple or moose- Acer Pcnnsylvanicum. 

wood. 

68. Large thorned variety of Cratccgus coccinea, var. 

the scarlet fruited haw- racantJia. 
thorn. 



II. 

BATTLE PASS TO FLOWER GARDEN. 

Starting from the drive crossing at Battle Pass 
and following the Walk south, the first shrubs you 
will pass on your right are well grown bushes of Cali- 
fornian privet and Cornelian cherry (Cornns mascula). 
The Cornelian cherry bears greenish yellow flowers, 
which are among the first to open in the spring. It 
belongs to the dogwood (Coiiius) family, and its 
flowers, when fully out, bunch in clusters along its 
branches in a way that makes you think of "bachelor's 
buttons." The flowers develop in the summer to 
beautiful light yellow berries, which in the early fall 
change to shining scarlet. Further along, on the right 
again, are English cork bark elm, and about opposite 
the end of the Shelter over on the left of the Walk, 
is American hornbeam. The hornbeam can be iden- 
tified by its bark alone — smooth, and often streaked 
with fine silvery lines. It is impossible to mistake its 
smooth, hard, muscular look, its clean-cut trunk and 
boughs with their swelling ridges which suggest bare 
muscles. There are many hornbeams in the Park, both 
native and European. The native hornbeam {Carpi- 
nus Caroliniana) is also called water-beech or blue- 
beech, and certainly the leaf is very much like both 
the beech and the birch, but more like the latter, how- 



27 



ever. The European hornbeam (Carpiuiis betuhis) 
has a leaf very much like that of the cherry birch. 
You can tell the difference between the European and 
the native hornbeams by their seed clusters. The 
European is halberd shaped, the native, half halberd 
shaped. 

About opposite the hornbeam on the other side of 
the path, close to the southern corner of the Shelter, 
is a pretty Washington thorn, and beyond it, a 
Koclreuteria, and then some very beautiful yellow- 
woods (Cladrasfis fiiictoria), with fine, smooth, gray- 
ish bark, almost satin-like in the strong sunshine. 
They are goodly trees, well grown and healthy. You 
may know them by their long, compound leaves, made 
up of from seven to eleven oval leaflets. These trees 
are lovely sights in June when they are hung full of 
sweet smelling flowers, pure white, in long strings or 
racemes, very much like the flowers of the common 
locust (Robi)iia psciidacacia). Just beyond the yel- 
low-woods is a well-grown European hazel (Corylus 
avcUana), which is lace hung in spring, with dull 
rusty brown catkins that have a grace and beauty 
all their own. Indeed, I know of no fairer early 
spring sight than that of the lace-hung hazels vailing 
themselves while yet the trees are bare. About op- 
posite the hazel, on the right of the path, you will 
find a noble growth of ths sweet pepper bush (Clethra 
alnifoUa). This gets its name, ahiifolia, by the way, 
from its close resemblance to the alder (Alnus) leaf. 
The sweet pepper bush speaks for itself in July. Then 
it sends up little fingers of delicate frost-white bloom 



28 



so sweetly fragrant that bees, ants, and, seemingly, 
every kind of bug or insect, swarm to it and over it. 
The whole bush is then fairly alive with honey sip- 
pers. Beyond the clef lira, on your right, you pass a 
fine European linden (Tilia Europcca), of excellent 
form, and beautiful, full leafage. This tree is also 
a veritable hive of insect industry when it is in bloom, 
which is in June. Then it is hung full of fragrant, 
starry, cream-colored flowers, which droop on stalks 
from leaf-life bracts. So fragrant are the flowers at 
night, that they fill all the air in the neighborhood of 
the trees on which they hang with a perfume that is 
almost heavy. 

Now we have come to a point where the Walk makes 
a kind of double turn after the manner of Hogarth's 
line of beauty, into a glade or grove of tall and grace- 
ful trees that are truly majestic. You walk as through 
some open, unroofed temple whose columns are lordly 
oaks, stately chestnuts, straight strong hickories, 
graceful birches, towering sweet gums (liquidani- 
bars), with here and there set among them, in lowly 
modesty, young dogwoods reaching out to you over 
the Walk with most delicate, bewitching grace. Just 
before you pass into the shade of this hall of trees, 
notice the pretty clump of privet on the left, and just 
beyond it the little English hawthorns, which seem 
to stand so shyly at the portals where are assembled 
all these stately trees. Here are white oaks which 
are a glory in the winter sunshine with their light 
granite bark broken in plates and their bold and 
rugged fling of boughs filling the eye with joy at their 



29 



strength as they stand gnarled and knotted against 
the clear blue sky. Most of the white oaks here are 
the broad-leafed variety. There are many of the nar- 
row-leafed variety in other parts of the Park (notably 
on Lookout Hill), but most of these here are of the 
broad leaf form, or widely ovate, broadest at the top. 
Here, too, are black oaks that glow with bronze when 
October walks through the Park, Here hickories sing 
their anthem of golden glory to the frosty winds, 
and here the sweet gums set fire to their starry leaves 
with flames of orange, crimson and richest blue-pur- 
ple. But beautiful as this grove is in autumn, it has 
perhaps a more delicate beauty in spring. Don't fail 
to come here when the dogwood blooms in May. Then 
the Walk runs on under canopies of white which seem 
to float upon the air rather than to hang in it. On 
your right, passing along from the finely formed 
European linden of which we spoke just a little above, 
and which stands close by a short roadway from the 
path to the Drive, you will find a fine black oak stand- 
ing a little to the south. A cherry birch stands just 
south of the black oak. Continuing on your right you 
pass two white oaks close together about opposite the 
two English hawthorns just spoken of, then black oak 
again, silver maple, a couple of American chestnuts 
by the Drive, mockernut hickory, and another chest- 
nut not far from a lamp-post on the Drive. 

Up to this point you have passed on your left, Eng- 
lish hawthorn, white oak, striped maple (directly back 
to the northeast of the white oak), yellow-wood and 
European beech standing close to each other a little 



30 

to the east of the Walk, then black oak, and mockernut 
hickory about opposite the lamp-post on the Drive. 
To the east of the black oak and hickory, a few steps 
back, you will find another English hawthorn. 

Continuing along the path to Willink Entrance you 
pass, in that delightful patch of wildwood which lies in 
between the Walk and the Drive, a wonderful host of 
small things which rise there every year to tell you 
it is spring. Here you will find wild sarsaparilla, 
spring beauties, jacks-in-the-pulpit, violets, wild 
geraniums, Solomon's seal, false Solomon's seal, and 
hundreds of others. Further along there are noble 
tulip trees {Liriodendron tuUpifcra) rising to majestic 
heights, and in June glorious sights when they are all 
hung full of chalice-like flowers, orange and green. 
These flowers make the seed "cones" of the tulip tree, 
so conspicuous in winter. 

On the left, you have passed American chestnut, and 
quite a clump of cherry birches clustered together not 
far from a short foot-worn path striking diagonally 
across. Several fine English elms stand almost in 
line of each other, at wide distances, in a row parallel 
with the Walk. You can know them by their oak- 
like look and elm leaf. 

If you follow the path on, it will lead you beneath 
Eastwood Arch, and on to the Boat House at Lull- 
water, but we are not quite ready to go down there 
yet, for a left hand branch, which breaks oflf here and 
runs out to the Willink Entrance has some lovely 
things to show us. On the way we pass English 
hawthorns, and beneath the wide-spreading boughs of 



31 

the English held elm {Uliiiiis campcstris) easily recog- 
nized by its rather straight main shaft, by its some- 
what horizontal manner of sending out its boughs. 
Indeed, as has been said above, the tree has an almost 
oak-like look, sturdy and thickset. Just beyond the 
English elm is one of the handsomest Norway maples 
in the Park. It is a glory in spring, when it is cov- 
ered with delicate green flowers, and it is an equal 
glory in autumn when it is a hanging cloud of orange- 
yellow. On the left, near the Entrance, you will find 
a good little Colorado blue spruce (Picca piingens), 
and fine growths of the Rcfiiiospora pisifcra, var. 
squarrosa. This variety of Retinospora is easily recog- 
nized by its soft, squarely setting leaf sprays, and by 
the light bluish-green cast of color in its foliage, 
delicately tinged with fine drifts of silver. In winter 
the shrub often takes on delicate copperish or red- 
dish bronze tints, which are very beautiful through 
its silvery green. 

Crossing the Drive and starting in again on the 
left-hand Walk of the Willink Entrance, notice the 
young Nordmann's silver fir on your right. It is a 
young tree, but beautifully formed, and it is growing 
finely. A little further on the path forks. Its left- 
hand branch keeps on straight ahead over a rise toward 
the Ocean Avenue Entrance, while the right bends 
around toward the Boat House. If you follow the 
Boat House path, you will pass, on your left, very near 
the drive crossing, great masses of variegated 
Weigela, with leaves of a mingled pale yellow and 
green, the borders of a light yellowish green. In 



32 

June, when these bushes are in bloom, they are beau- 
tiful indeed, and the perfume of their flowers is 
fragrance itself. Crossing the Drive you strike again 
the cathedral groves of chestnut, hickory, oak, sweet 
gum, tuHp and birch. Squirrels are lively here, and 
it is here, in summer, that the goat carriages wheel 
their burdens of delighted children along the Walk. 
This part of the Park is a great haunt of the brown 
thrasher, and it is a satisfying thing to hear his liquid 
notes thrilling the soft air of a June day in these leafy 
glades. 

Following this Walk toward the Boat House you 
will pass, on the right, straggling bushes of yew, 
Mahonia Japonica, rhododendrons, and on the left, 
near the Arch, spice-bush {Benzoin benzoin). This 
Arch, known as Eastwood Arch, is beautifully hung 
with the drooping golden bell or yellow jessamine 
(Forsythia suspensa). It may be interesting to add 
here that the Forsythia gets its name from an Eng- 
lish botanist, W. A. Forsyth. For beauty of setting, 
this arch is one of the most picturesque in the Park. 
As you pass through it, you come out upon dogwoods 
and hawthorns, which lean out lovingly towards you 
from the banksides and when they are in bloom they 
make the place a fairyland of white. Just as you 
come from beneath the Arch, down at your right there 
is a pretty wild hydrangea {Hydrangea arborescens) , 
which loves just the kind of a sheltered spot it has 
here. It has ovate or slightly cordate leaves, serrate 
and pointed and bears its white flowers in a flat cyme 
or head in June. Near it is a mass of wild purple- 



33 

flowering raspberry (Riibiis odorafiis) which is cov- 
ered in July or August with the beautifully tinted 
flowers which have given it its name. Higher up on 
the slope of the bank, by the roadside which runs 
over the Arch, a wild red cherry tree wreaths its bloom 
in May. Continuing, beyond the hydrangea, you will 
find some good hemlocks with fine and feathery leaf- 
sprays. Close by the border of the Walk are wild 
sarsaparilla and goodly white and scarlet oaks crown 
the ridges of the slopes. The yew, the Rhododendron, 
the A.calea, the Mahonia, the Mngho pine are here also, 
all on the right of the Walk, and a cluster of sycamore 
maples just in fork of the Walk where it sends off 
a branch toward the Music Stand. On the left of the 
Walk are beautiful flowering dogwoods (Coniiis 
florida), which make this spot a special haunt of the 
camera enthusiast, and pretty dotted fruited haw- 
thorns, a fine American beech, well up on the bank, 
cherry birches and more dogwoods. Just beyond this 
place the path forks again, the right running over a 
cozily set rustic bridge, hemlock shaded, to the Music 
Stand ; the left-hand branch slipping easily down a 
little grade to the Boat House, and then running on 
again around the quiet stream here (well named Lull- 
water) to meet other walks which come together near 
Cleft Ridge Span, the Arch leading into the Flower 
Garden with its restaurant and goodly elms over- 
shadowing. 

Proceeding along the left-hand fork there is a fine 
laburnum or bean-trefoil tree (Laburnuni vuJgare) at 
your left, which is strung through and through in 



34 



June with the golden chains of bloom which have 
given it its common name, ''golden chain." You 
meet this just before you come to the Boat House, 
and can easily identify it by its three clover-like leaves. 
Nestling almost beneath it is a pretty Siberian pea 
tree, which may be known by its leaves alone, made 
up of from four to six pairs of oval oblong leaflets. 
This is the Caragaiia arhorcsccns. Its flowers are yel- 
low, and they appear in May. Beyond the Soat 
House there are many things to claim your attention. 
This Walk, as stated above, leads along by the side 
of the stream. On your right, close down by the 
water's edge, rears up a lofty weeping bald cypress 
{Taxodium distichuin, z'ar. pcndnhun) of spire-like 
form and soft feathery foliage. Further along are 
large growths of barberry, loaded in late May or 
early June with clusters of yellow flowers which de- 
velop in September into the beautiful cool-looking 
crimson berries that are a delight to the eye all through 
the autumn and remain on the bushes in good part 
tlirough the winter. Beyond are sycamore maple, 
English maple, Japan quince, with rich crimson 
flowers in May ; English walnut on the bank where 
the water comes in close to the Walk ; Forsythia with 
golden bell-like flowers in late April or early May ; 
pin oak with its tiny acorns and back of it by the water, 
buttonbush (Cephalanthus occideiitalis), in blossom in 
June; smoke tree (Rhus cotinus), French tamarisk 
(Tamarix Gallica) and Forsythia and Deiitzia cre- 
nata. On your left you have passed great clumps 
of Spircva Rcci'csiaua ; Spirara Van Houffci, white 



35 



mulberry ; a graceful yellow-flowered buckeye (Pavia 
lutea) with yellow flowers in May or June; black 
haw {Vihiirnuin prnnifolium) and Austrian pine. 

Upon the slope of the hill, back of the Austrian 
pine you will find some more English walnuts. Fur- 
ther on, along the Walk, and back on the slope is a 
fine Japan pagoda tree with locust-like foliage. As 
you round the turn of the Walk to go under the Arch 
(Cleft Ridge Span) a remarkable tree of spreading 
habit and dwarf umbrella form meets you. It is very 
conspicuous with its wide-reaching drooping branches. 
This is the Camperdown elm and is exceedingly 
picturesque in summer or winter. Its leaf with its 
long points and rough surface marks its kinship with 
the Scotch elm (Ulinus inontana). Just beyond the 
Camperdown, near the Arch, are masses of Tax us 
haccata, var. elegantissima (variegated English yew), 
beautiful sights in early June when their new shoots 
of golden-yellow tuft out all over them. Just as you 
go under the Arch look up on your right and see a 
handsome Bhotan pine hanging its tassels high up 
on the bank. This brings us to the Flower Garden. 




SECTIONAL DIAGRAM 



Explanations, Sectional Diagram No. 3 



Common Name 

1. Camperdown elm. 

2. Forsythia or golden belf, 

(With leaves interme- 
diate between the bush, 
z'iridissima, variety and 
the weeping, stispcnsa, 
variety). 

3. Shrubby Wistaria. 

(Pale purple flowers). 

4. Flowering dogwood. 

5. Japan maple. 

6. Austrian pine. 

7. European flowering ash. 

8. Black walnut. 

9. Cornelian cherry. 

10. American or white elm. 

11. Day lily. 

12. Weeping European sil- 

ver linden. 

13. Hornbeam-leaved maple. 

14. Colchicum-leaved maple. 

15. Japan snowball. 

16. European English yew. 

17. Cephalonian silver fir. 

18. Japan ground cypress or 

Japan arbor vitse. 
(Pea-fruiting). 

19. Irish juniper. 

20. Irish yew. 

21. Polish juniper. 

22. Swiss stone pine. 

23. Chinese arbor vitse. 

24. Hemlock. 

25. Sycamore maple. 



Botanical Name 

Ulmus montana, var. Camper- 

doivnii pcndula. 
Forsythia intermedia. 



Wistaria frutescens. 

Cornus Horida. 

Acer polymorphum. 

Pinus Aiistriaca. 

Fraxinus ornus. 

Juglans nigra. 

Cor nils mascula. 

Ulmus Americana. 

Hemerocallis fulva. 

Tilia Europcca, var. argentea 

(or alba) pendula. 
Acer carpinifolium. 
Acer leu turn. 
Viburnum plicatum. 
Taxus baccata. 
Abies Cephaloniea. 
Chamcecyparis or Retinos- 
pora) pisifera, var. aurea. 

Juniperus communis, var. Hi- 

beriiica. 
Taxus baccata, var. fastigiata, 
Juniperus communis, var. 

Cracovia. 
Pinus Cembra. 
Thuya Orient alls. 
Tsuga Canadensis. 
Acer pseudoplatanus. 



40 



Common Name 

26. Kentucky coffee tee. 

*27. Cunninghamia. 

28. White pine. 

29. European linden. 

30. Slender Deutzia. 

31. Chinese podocarpus. 

32. Norway maple. 

3S. Small mockernut hick- 
ory. 

34. American basswood. 

35. Sugar or rock maple. 

36. European ash. 
S7. Japan quince. 

38. Ghent azalea. (Variety 

Bryant.) 

39. Japan ground cypress or 

Japan arbor vitae 
(Plume-leaved). 

40. European holly. 

41. Japan aucuba. 

42. Lovely azalea. 

43. Mountain laurel. 

44. European silver linden. 

f 45. Weeping European sil- 
ver linden. 

[ 46. Rhododendrons. Vari- 
ous kinds, mostly of the 
Evcrcstianum (lilac 
flowers) variety. 

47. Tulip tree. 

48. Adam's needle. 

49. English cork bark elm, 

grafted on stock of 
slippery elm. 

50. Scotch elm. (Grafted 

on stock of slippery 
elm). 

51. Weeping Japan pagoda 

tree. 

52. Copper beech. 



Botanical Name 

Gymnocladus Canadensis. 
Cunninghamia Sinensis. 
Finns strobiis. 
Tilia Enropeca. 
Deutzia gracilis. 
Podocarpus Sinensis. 
Acer platanoides. 
Carya niicroearpa. 

Tilia Americana. 
Acer saccharinum. 
Fraxinus excelsior. 
Cydonia .Japonica. 
Azalea Sinensis. 

Chamcecyparis (or Retinos 

pora) pisifera, far. plu- 

mosa. 
Ilex aqiiifolium. 
Aucuba Japonica. 
Azalea amocna. 
Kahnia latifolia. 
Tilia Europcua, var. argentca 

(or alba). 
Tilia Europcea, var. argentca 

(or alba) pendula. 



Liriodendron tulipifera. 

Yucca aiamentosa. 

Uhnus campestris, var. sub ■ 

erosa on stock of Ulmus 

fulva. 
Ulmus montana, on stock of 

Ulmus fulva. 

Sophora Japonica, var. pen- 
dula. 
Fagus sylvafica, var. cuprea. 



* Cut down while MS. was going through press. Some 
saplings from it are coming up near its stump 



41 



Common Name 



Botanical Name 



53. Umbrella pi.ne. 

54. Purple-leaved sycamore 

maple. 

55. Various-leaved Euro- 

pean linden. 

56. Norway spruce. 

57. Blue willow. 

58. Teas's weeping mulberry 

or Russian weeping 
mulberry. 

59. Silver maple. 

60. Weeping Chinese lilac. 

(Flowers in large white 
panicles, about middle 
of June). 

61. Kilmarnock weeping wil- 

low. 

62. Gregory's Norway 

spruce. 

63. Double red-tlowering 

peach. 

64. Koelreuteria. 

65. Spicebush. 

66. Mockernut or white- 

heart hickory. 

67. European flowering ash. 

68. Weeping English yew. 

69. Japan pagoda tree. 

70. Japan ground cypress or 

Japan arbor vit^e. 
(Variety squarroso.) 

71. Deodar or Indian cedar. 

72. Garden azalea. 

yS' American white' ash. 

74. Crisp-leaved European 

ash. 

75. Weeping golden bell or 

Forsythia. 
y6. Ninebark. 

yy. Garden hydrangea. 

78. Dwarf Japan catalpa. 

79. Japan Judas tree. 



Sciadopitys vcrticillata. 
Acer pscudoplatanus, rar. 

purpurea. 
Tilia Europcra, var. hctero- 

phylla. 
Picea exceha. 
Salix alba, var. cccrulea. 
Morus alba, var. Tartarica. 



Acer dasycarpiim. 
Syriiiga, var. Pekinensis pen- 
diila. 



Salix caprcca, var. peiidula. 

Picea excelsa, var. Gregor- 

yiana. 
Prunus Persica vulgaris, 

var. flora sanguinea plena. 
Ko'lreuteria paniculata. 
Beii^^oin beucoin. 
Carya fomentosa. 

Fraxinus ornus. 
Taxiis baccata, var. pendula. 
Sophora Japonica. 
Chamcecyparis (or Retinos- 

pora) pisifera, var. squar- 

rosa. 
Cedrus Deodara. 
Acalea mollis. 
Fraxinus Americana. 
Fraxinus excelsior, var. atro- 

virens. 
Forsythia suspensa. 

Physocarpus (or Spircra) op- 

ulifolia. 
Hydrangea Jwrfensis. 
Catalpa Bungei. 
Cercis Japonica. 



A2 



Common Name 

80. Panicled hydrangea. 

(Large flowered.) 

81. Shellbark or shagbark 

hickory. 

82. Sassafras. 



Botanical Name 

Hydrangea paniculata, 

grandiUora. 
Carya alba. 

Sassafras officinale. 



var. 



III. 

FLOWER GARDEN. 

Starting at Cleft Ridge Span, the Arch leading from 
the quiet Walk beside Lullwater into the Flower Gar- 
den, you come out upon the loveliness of this beautiful 
spot. With its picturesque Restaurant bowered in 
masses of rhododendron and sheltered by lindens and 
elms it is a most delightful place to loiter in. As 
you come in from the Arch you pass, on your right 
great masses of the Forsythia intermedia and siispensa. 
These bushes are among the handsomest of the For- 
sythia in the Park and every spring are loaded with 
beautiful four petalled yellow flowers. Higher up 
on the bank, just above the first bushes of the For- 
sythia nestles another Camperdown elm reaching down 
to you with the exquisite grace of its slender drooping 
branches, in its own peculiar umbrella-like manner. 

If you wish to see a handsome effect in crimson come 
here in early autumn when the masses of Indian cur- 
rant (Symphoricarpos vulgaris) that plume the ridge 
of the Span have burst into flame. Beyond the For- 
sythia is Japan maple (Acer polyinorphum), with 
finely cut star-like leaves and delicate blood-crimson 
flowers in small clusters in spring. In autumn the 
leaves of this tree turn a beautiful cool crimson after 
most of the trees have passed their glory of color and, 



44 

it stands by the Arch a Hngering torch amid the bared 
trees. 

On the bank beyond the Japan maple stands a dog- 
wood glorious in early spring when it rolls back its 
pin head flower buds and opens its white bracts, lay- 
n:g them on the air in a miracle of floating bloom. Its 
flowers are bunched in the center of the white bracts. 
We are now on the Walk which leads up to the top 
of Breeze Hill and the "Old Fashioned Flower Gar- 
den," but we will not go up there yet, for we have some- 
thing to see on the opposite side of the Walk. Nest- 
ling in behind the myrtle border, hidden by the growths 
of dwarf Japan maples, azaleas, and young rhodo- 
dendrons, you will find the Colchicum-leaved maple 
(A,cer LcBtnm) which has a very beautiful leaf with 
a faintly heart-shaped base and from five to seven 
lobes. Near it and behind it is the peculiar hornbeam- 
leaved maple (Acer carpinifolium) with leaves almost 
exactly like those of the hornbeam itself. The only 
difference in the leaves of the two trees, so far as I 
can see, is that the maple leaf is a little thicker of 
texture. The similitude is certainly striking. 

As you turn around and come back to the Flower 
Garden, at the edge of the turn, there are some very 
fine Japan snowballs (Vihiirmim plicatiim), note- 
worthy for their beautifully ridged leaves of roundish 
shape and pointed. They are called plicatiim, because 
the leaves have a crimped or folded appearance. The 
Viburnum tomentosmn, of which the plicatum is a 
variety, has a similar leaf, less roundish, more elliptic 
and long acuminate. They are beautiful shrubs and 



45 



carry great balls of clustered flowers, pale Nile green 
at first, then changing to white at maturity. 

If you keep to the right, the Walk will lead you 
around by the south-eastern slope of Breeze Hill and 
it is this course we now take. Just beyond the Vihiir- 
iiurn plicatiiui is a very handsome Japan maple (Acer 
polymorphum) with small star-shaped leaves. This 
is a tree of considerable size, but all around the border 
near it, you wdl find many varieties of Japan maples, 
most of them small shrubs, two, three, and four feet 
high. Among them you will find the cut-leaved (Acer 
polymorphum, var. dissectiim) ; the purple cut-leaved 
(Acer polymorphum, van dissectiim atropurpureum) 
with very delicate, finely cut leaves. This last is fairy- 
like in its fineness, its leaves hanging in the most deli- 
cate filaments. A little further along nestles the snow- 
berry shaded by the over-arching glooms of beautiful 
weeping European silver lindens. Back of the snow- 
berry, with bending lance-like leaves which make you 
think of thick sedge grass, lies a rich, cool bank of 
HemerocalUs or day-lily which shows orange-hued 
flowers in the summer. This brings us to a flight of 
stone steps which ascends to the Walk leading to 
the top of Breeze Hill. We shall not go up, but will 
keep on, following the right hand border of the Walk. 

Almost the first thing to greet you, beyond the steps, 
IS a European cr English yew (Taxus baccafa) with 
dark green foliage and ragged trunk. The leaves of 
the yew are noticeably pointed and droop somewhat 
like damp feathers. A little back and beyond the yew 
is a tall evergreen of broad base and conical top. This 



46 

is a Cephalonian silver fir (Abies Cephalonica) and 
may be known by its stiff brush-like leaf sprays and 
sharply pointed needles. Some elegant specimens of 
this fir you passed on the first chapter's ramble, near 
V'ale Cashmere. Back of the Cephalonian silver fir, 
up the slope of the hill are graceful hemlocks. 

Close by the border of the Walk again you pass 
Japan ground cypress of the variety pisifcra and a little 
further along, very near the corner of the border of 
the Walk where a couple of steps drop to a small circle 
of path, you will find Polish juniper. It has been 
pruned until it is almost a stump, but its foliage is 
healthy. It varies from our common juniper in its 
dense, crowded, close-growing stiffer leaves, which are 
very silvery on the upper sides. If you go down these 
few steps and follow the arc of the path to the second 
flight of steps up Breeze Hill, close by the corner you 
will find Chinese arbor vit^e and by it a well clothed 
Swiss stone pine. The pine you can easily identify 
by its leaves in bundles of five. About halfway up 
the flight of steps to Breeze Hill, close by the steps, is 
another hemlock, and at the top of the steps, by its 
right hand corner, is Cornelian cherry. Beside the 
Cornelian cherry, to the right of it, stands an Ameri- 
can elm. Directly in front of the top of the steps 
are two bushes of nine-bark. On the left of steps, 
along the path leading into Old Fashioned Flower 
Garden, are black walnut, American white ash, and 
black walnut again near the spot where the path opens 
out into the Old Fashioned Flower Garden. Opposite 
this black walnut are European flowering ash and Eu- 



47 



ropean ash. Note the differences of these last two 
trees. 

Come back now to the point where we left the 
Flower Garden, at the foot of the second flight of steps 
and follow the arc of the walk border toward the 
Lake. Right in the corner of the border is sycamore 
maple and back of it about half way up the hill, is a 
small Cednis Deodara or Indian cedar with beautiful 
light glaucous green, larch-like leaves. Passing on, 
south-westwards, following the Walk, when you come 
about opposite the bust of Mozart, if you go over to 
it and look at the evergreen that stands just behind 
it you will find a very interesting thing to study. It 
is the Citnninghaiuia Sinensis and gets its name from 
the botanical collector, J. Cunningham, who discovered 
its species in China about 1700. It is certainly a 
beautiful conifer (cone-bearer), with long sweeping 
leafsprays which give the tree something of a palm- 
like look. Go up and examine its leaves, for they 
are very handsome. These leaves are fully two inches 
long, flat and pointed at the tip. From the tip they 
gradually widen as they approach the stem, to which 
they are attached in a peculiar way which botanists 
term decnrrent, that is, running along the stem be- 
yond the point of fastening. Near the Cunninghamia, 
north of the Mozart Statue is a little evergreen shrub 
with an appearance very much like that of the Irish 
yew. It is the Chinese Podocarpus and its leaves are 
linear-lanceolate and very noticeably decurrent. 

In this vicinity the rhododendrons are very hand- 
some. Come here in June when they are in their 



48 

glory. The dark crimson flowered is the "Jo^"*" 
Waterer," the crimson, the "H. W. Sargent," the 
rosy lilac, the **Everestianum," the cherry red, 
"Charles Bagley." In the beautiful corner at the end 
of the Flower Garden, very near the steps leading to 
the sycamore or plane tree grove, are lovely masses 
of Deiitzia gracilis, verv beautiful when in flower in 
late May or June. 

If you cross now to the east side of the Garden, and, 
beginning at its south-east corner, walk toward the 
Restaurant, you will pass Japan quince, Ghent Azalea 
variety Bryant with yellow flowers in May, Japan 
Aucuha with splashed and spotted leaves, slender 
Deutzia, and the lovely Azalea amocna, with magenta- 
crimson flowers in April. Mountain laurel is here and 
European holly and rhododendrons, in glorious 
bursts of bloom in June. Back of all these, like a mighty 
green wall rise the green towers of magnificent Nor- 
way maples, American basswoods and lindens, and back 
of these, along the Drive, European lindens, European 
silver lindens, and weeping European silver lindens. 

Now we have come to a spot wdiere seats, facing 
the Drive, are placed in rows beneath rustling lindens 
and elms. The spot is dear to the heart of the park 
visitor and on a fine day when the driving is good, 
not a seat is empty. The parade of fashion goes 
by, the golden air whispers to the leaves overhead, 
the birds carol unseen in the boughs, and cares and 
troubles are forgotten. Behind this lovely spot is an 
ornamental stone urn filled with the pretty hcUis daisy 
and azaleas. Passing on, we come to the terrace with 



49 

its effective stone work. The face of its wall is covered 
with Euonyinus radicans, var. varicgata. Back of 
this place the velvet lawns are gracefully set with 
choice things. Here is a handsome Teas's weeping 
mulberry, and, in spots, clump the spike-like leaves of 
the Yucca filaniciitosa, or Adam's needle, which send 
up straight shafts from their midst, in mid-summer. 
At the top of the shaft its bloom breaks forth in great 
heads of white flowers. Majestic American elms 
guard the upper edge of this lawn in a kind of half 
ring and they seem to have been just the right trees 
to set off the foliage of the basswoods, silver lindens, 
tulip trees, Norway maples, sugar maples, English field 
maples and sycamore maples which fill this lovely 
spot with their shifting shadows and whispering 
music. 

About the Restaurant itself, the beautiful things 
gathered there are too numerous to give in detail. We 
can point out only a few. On the right, as you face 
it there is a fine copper beech with rich copper colored 
leaves and a Scotch elm grafted on the stock of Ulnius 
fulva, near the terrace wall. Near the path at the 
right-hand end of the Restaurant you will find the 
beautiful little Japan parasol tree or umbrella pine 
(Sciadopitys verticillata) with leaves in whorls of thir- 
ty to forty at the extremities of the branches. Here, 
too, are many Rcfinosporas, among them a very hand- 
some sqitarrosa. Clustered about the eastern end of 
the Restaurant, close by it, are garden hydrangea, 
dwarf Japan catalpa and weeping Chinese lilac. On 
the left of the Restaurant, close by it, are panicled hy- 



50 

drangea, garden hydrangea and panicled hydrangea 
again. Close by the Httle path on the left of the Res- 
taurant is a handsome Teas's weeping mulberry, which 
you may know by its mitten-like leaves so characteristic 
of the mulberry. Over by the border of the lawn, 
about half way along the Walk toward the driveway, 
you will find another weeping tree, which at a distance 
closely resembles that of the Teas's weeping mulberry. 
But it is quite different when you look at its leaves. 
This is the Kilmarnock weeping willow, and it is a 
graft on the stock of the goat willow {Salix caprea), 
as its leaves show. If you have any doubts about its 
being a willow, come here early in spring and see its 
little "pussies" scattered all along its stems. Near the 
Kilmarnock willow is a beautiful double red-flowering 
peach tree. Its bloom is something glorious, breaking 
forth in early May into bursts of rich carmine-tinted 
flowers. Catch these with the afternoon sunshine il- 
luminating them and you will have a sight that will 
be with you many a day. Further along on the Walk 
are Pice a excel sa, var. Grcgoryiana^ a low cushion-like 
variety of the Norway spruce, known at once by its 
form, which makes you think of the pictures of Eski- 
mo huts in the geographies. Follow along here and 
you pass Swiss stone pine, Karlreiiteria, and Ameri- 
can basswood (tall and finely grown), and at the 
point where the Walk meets the Drive at your right 
is a spice bush {Beiizoin benzoin) with a silver maple 
just behind it. If you turn back again now and walk 
toward the Arch (Cleft Ridge Span) you pass a row 
of three hickories, the far one being small mockernut ; 



SI 



then several European flowering ashes, all easily 
known by their short, squat trunks, gray brittle-looking 
branches and compound leaves. Here, too, just beyond 
the flowering ashes, are more Koelreuterias, weeping 
English yew and well-grown Sophora Japoiiica (one 
just at the bend of the border, another close to the 
Arch, on the right hand side). The Sophora Japonica 
is an exceedingly interesting tree, and you meet it all 
over the Park. It is well, therefore, to learn it early. 
It belongs to the great pulse family, Lcguminoscc, as 
its flowers and fruit show ; has greenish bark and 
compound leaves which by the beginner are often mis- 
taken for those of the locust. In August this tree puts 
forth its bloom — great bunches of yellowish white 
flowers, which later develop into glossy green string- 
like pods that show very conspicuously. As you pass the 
last Sophora, the Walk bends in sudden graceful curve 
to the right toward the Cleft Ridge Span and just 
around its corner you meet a very handsome Retino- 
spora sqiiarrosa. Its soft, silvery green foliage is 
very beautiful, and it is rising in an exquisitely sym- 
metrical cone. At one time I thought this shrub was 
surely going to die, but it has recovered its vitality, 
and since I have known it has almost doubled its 
height. Beyond it and up the bank is another Camper- 
down elm, and close beside the top of the Arch another 
Sophora. 



SECTIONAL DIAGRAM 



50--^ 







Explanations, Sectional Diagram No. 4 



Common Name 

1. Tulip tree. 

2. Nordmann's silver fir. 

3. European linden. 

4. European silver linden. 

5. Sycamore maple. 

6. Ash-leaved maple or box 

elder. 

7. Bhotan pine. 

8. Colorado blue spruce. 

9. Austrian pine. 

10. English elm. 

11. American chestnut. 

12. Large flowered syringa. 

13. Thunberg's barberry. 

14. Van Houtte's spiraea. 

15. Japan plum. 

16. Red maple. 

17. Pearl bush. 

18. Variegated Weigela. 

19. Mock orange or sweet 

syringa. 

20. American hornbeam. 

21. Lilac. 

22. Cherry birch. 

23. Red oak. 

24. Choke cherry. 

25. Flowering dogwood. 

26. Paper or canoe birch. 

27. Swiss stone pine. 

28. Common locust. 

29. Red-flowering dogwood. 

30. Camperdown elm. 

31. Silver maple. 



Botanical Name 

Liriodendron fuHpifera. 
Abies Nordmanniana. 
Tilia Europcca. 
Tilia Europcca, var. ar- 
gent ea. 
Acer pseudoplatanus. 
Ncgundo aceroides. 

Finns excelsa. 

Picca pungens. 

Pinus Austriaca. 

Ulmus campestris. 

Castanca sativa, var. Amer- 
icana. 

Philadelphus grandiHorus. 

Bcrberis Thnnhergii. 

Spircea Van Houttei. 

Primus triflora. 

Acer rubrum. 

Exochorda grandiflora. 

Diervilla rosea, var. foliis 
variegatis. 

Philadelphus coronarius. 

Car pinus CaroUniana. 

Syringa vulgaris. 

Betula lenta. 

Quercus rubra. 

Prunus Virginia na. 

Cornus Horida. 

Betula papyrifera. 

Pinus Ceinbra. 

Robinia pseudacacia. 

Cornus Horida, var. rubra. 

Ulmus Montana, var. Cani- 

perdozvnii pendula. 
Acer dasycarpum. 



56 



Common Name 

32. White oak. 
iS- Mockernut or white- 
heart hickory. 

34. English hawthorn. 

(Pink double flowers.) 

35. American white ash. 

36. Scarlet oak. 

S7. Japan snowball. 

38. Witch hazel. 

39. Fragrant honeysuckle. 

40. Californian privet. 

41. Golden bell or Forsythia. 

42. Purple barberry. 

43. Common barberry. 

44. Black oak. 

45. Pignut hickory. 

46. Broad-leaved European 

linden. 

47. Norway maple. 

48. English cork bark elm. 

49. American or white elm. 

50. Siberian pea tree. 

51. Yellow- wood. 

52. Norway spruce. 

53. Hemlock. 

54. English field maple. 

55. American white or gray 

birch. 

56. Hop tree or shrubby 

trefoil. 

57. Koelreuteria. 

58. European beech. 

59. Black cherry. 

60. Black walnut. 

61. She'ilbark or shagbark 

hickory. 

62. American bassword. 

63. Sa-^safras. 

64. Eurc)pean or tree alder. 



Botanical Name 

Quercus alba. 
Carya totiioitosa. 

Cratccgus o.vyacantha. 

Fraxinus A mcricana. 
Quercus coccinea. 
Vibiirmim plicatum. 
Hamamclis Virgin ia na. 
Loniccra Fragrantissima. 
Ligustrnui ovalifolium. 
Forsy th ia viridissima. 
Berhcris vulgaris, var. pur 

piirea. 
Berhcris vulgaris. 
Quercus coccinea, var. tinc- 

foria. 
Carya porcina. 
Tilia Europcea, var. plati- 

phylla. 
Acer platanoides. 
Ulmus campcstris, var. sub 

crosa. 
Ulmus Americana. 
Caragana arborescens. 
Clad r as t is tinctoria. 
Picea excelsa. 
Tsuga Canadensis. 
Acer campestre. 
Betiila populifolia. 

P tele a trifoliata. 

Kojlreuteria paniculata. 
Fagus sylvatiea. 
P run us scrotina. 
Juglans nigra. 
Carya alba. 

Tilia Americana. 
Sassafras officinale. 
Alnus glutinosa. 



IV. 
WILLINK ENTRANCE TO IRVING STATUE. 

In this article we ctart at Willink Entrance, left hand 
path, and, passing the things about this entrance de- 
scribed in chapter two, proceed to a point where the 
path forks into two branches, the right running over to 
the Boat House, the left keeping straight on and paral- 
lel with Ocean Avenue. We take the left and go south. 

Just beyond the fork, at your left, are dense masses 
of the beautiful Spircca Van Ho\ittci, which in June 
and early July are covered with clusters of white flow- 
ers in heads that hang in almost bursting profusion 
along their drooping, slender branches. When they are 
in full bloom they seem like fountains of foam stilled 
to sudden silence, pictures of frozen froth. The Spi- 
rcva Van Honttci is very much like its sister, the Spi- 
rcca Reevesiana, but its leaf is shorter (rhombic-ovate) 
and rounded at the base ; whereas, the leaf of the 
Reevesiana is more lance-like (lanceolate). In habit 
of growth the Van Honttei is arching and drooping, 
whereas the Reevesiana is more bush-like in character. 
As these are the more widely used spiraeas in the 
Park, it is well to note their differences. 

This is a beautiful section of the Park where we 
are now. Here the tulip trees lift up the magnificent 



S8 

towers of their strength ; here the chestnuts unfold 
the glory of their leaves ; here the dogwoods star the 
path with bloom, here the birches hang the golden lace 
of their flowering catkins, decking them as with fairy 
vails. Here the violets spread their tender blue, lovely 
to look upon, flushing the plushy grass. Here the 
peabody bird sends out his clear sweet call in the leaf- 
less days of early spring, and here the squirrel threads 
his trembling highways, while the breezes come and 
go through the whispering trees, speaking of woodlands 
and the solace of green things, gently waving to every 
breath of air. 

Beyond the Van Hontfei on the left of the Walk, 
and close to it, there are two majestic tulip trees, which 
look as if they might be twin columns of what was 
once some noble forest Parthenon, and just beyond 
them you will find (on the right) more bushes of 
the Spircca Van Honttei. Back of these are a row 
of cherry birches. On the left, as you pass along, 
about diagonally opposite the Van Houttei is a good 
clump of the pretty Thunberg's barberry and 
a choke cherry just beyond it. At this point 
you ought to be about opposite a lamp-post 
on the Drive ; and about midway between you 
and the post is a fine red oak {Qnercus rubra). A 
little further on, are American chestnut and then sev- 
eral dogwoods close together. Here it will be worth 
your while to cut across to the Drive for a moment 
and have a look at the things on edge of its bank, as it 
bends to go south. Here is a beautiful white canoe 
birch and almost on the point of the turn a good 



59 

Nordmann silver fir. Just south of the Nordinann 
you will find a clump of three Austrian pines bunched 
close together very near a lamp-post. The little coni- 
fer just south-east of the lamp-post is not Austrian 
pine, but Swiss stone pine {Piniis Cenihra). 

Let us now come back to the path again and continue 
on south. At about the crest of the rise, on your 
right, you will find black oaks, two fairly near to- 
gether, tall, strong, majestic. You can know them 
by their hard, dark, grayish bark, and strong, 
close ridges. Beyond, you pass common locust 
Robinia pseudacacia, just over the brow of the rise, 
as the path begins to descend. A little further on, if 
you are walking in dogwood days, you will have a treat 
indeed in the little clump of red-flowering dogwood 
{Conius Horida, var. rubra). There are several of 
them here, on the left of the Walk, and they are very 
dainty and delicate, with beautiful rose-red flower 
bracts rolled back in all their tender loveliness. Just 
beyond these dogwoods you meet the peculiar Cam- 
perdown elm with its umbrella shape, several of which 
you have already seen over by Cleft Ridge Span. You 
can't mistake this tree and it will serve as a land- 
mark to find the things about it. Almost opposite 
to it, in about the middle of the grassy slope, between 
you and the Drive, is a fine mockernut hickory {Carya 
touicntosa) and a little below the hickory on the 
slope still, is a goodly Austrian pine, which will serve 
as another landmark. Just across from the Austrian 
pine, just west of it on the very edge of the Drive is 
an excellent young Nordmann's silver fir. Coming 



6o 



back to the Walk again below the Camperdown elm 
and directly opposite the Austrian pine just spoken of 
are two lovely little pink double flowered English 
hawthorns {Cratccgns oxycantha, zw. flore plena). 
They are beautiful things to see in May. Don't 
miss them. Below these, you meet close to the Walk, 
on the left, another mockernut hickory with tall straight 
trunk so characteristic of the hickory, and very close 
to it, hiding just behind it to the south-east you will 
find the beautiful Exochorda grandiflora or pearl bush, 
cultivated from China for its large white flowers, which 
have spoon shaped petals, and come out in long axil- 
lary racemes in May or June. It is a very beautiful 
shrub and gets its name from the Latin exo, external 
and chorda, a thong, referring to the structue of the 
fruit. Opposite the Exochorda on the right of the Walk 
and close by its border is Thunberg's barberry {Ber- 
beris Thunhergii). This barberry is very widely used 
in the Park and it is well to get to know it early. It 
is a dainty shrub, with fine delicate brittle leaves and 
grows low. But for all its daintiness it has plenty 
of spikes and very sharp they are as you will find 
if you get too familiar with it. It nestles here in 
two large clumps on either side of a majestic tulip 
tree, and these clumps are joyous sights in late au- 
tumn especially if you come upon them on a bright 
frosty sunshiny day all sparkling with the jewels 
of their rich red berries. Into these bushes the au- 
tumn winds tearing over the slope drive the flying 
leaves in shoals and the little Thunbergs seem to give 
them restful shelter from their roaming and for reward 



6i 



for coming to them hang- rnbies all about them. But 
we must say a word about the mighty tulip that rises 
so majestically here. It is one of the handsomest 
tulip trees in the Park and magnificently set, especially 
if you see it from a point a little further along on 
the Walk. It rises on its straight columnar trunk 
and flings out its branches like a giant stretching his 
mighty arms. Come here and see it when it sets the 
blazonry of its seed "cones" against the clear blue 
of the winter's sky. Pure white they gleam in the 
sunshine, a joy to your eye, thrilling you through and 
through with their beauty. 

Over by the Drive almost directly west of this noble 
tulip tree, you will find a very handsome black oak 
and just south of it, along the Drive, a good specimen 
of scarlet oak. 

Coming back to the Walk again, you pass, below 
the stretch of Thunberg's barberry, great masses 
of the Spircca Van Honttei which in June are foaming 
fountains of white bloom and further along, still on 
your right, are clusters of the variegated Weigela 
which, in June also, are laden with beautiful 
funnel form flowers so fragrant that their perfume 
is almost overpowering. How the bees love them. 
They crawl into their fairy crypts and go to sleep, 
rocked in their pearly walls as in a cradle, swaying with 
the gentle zephyrs of June. On the left of the Walk, 
just below the Wcigcla are fragrant honeysuckle 
{Lonicera fragrantissima) bushes covered in very early 
spring with sweet smelting frost-white flowers softly 
tinged with yellow. Below the honeysuckle bushes 



62 



are clumps of Californian privet and set in between the 
privet and the honeysuckle is a lovely ash-leaved maple 
v^^hich leans out over the Walk, and, in early spring, 
(April), drapes its boughs v^ith the fairy reddish lace 
of its flower clusters. In its blooming the ash-leaved 
n^aple is the very essence of grace and loveliness. Very 
close to the fragrantissiina and about opposite the sec- 
ond clump of Wcigcla, you will find witch hazel. Try 
to see it in the autumn when it sets all its tiny yel- 
low ribbons of bloom fluttering in the air. You can 
know it by its oval lop-sided leaves. All these are 
on the left of the Walk. On the right, about opposite 
this point, are masses of common and purple barberry 
and Forsythia viridissima, at the bend of the cross 
walk which leads over to the Flower Garden. Just 
back of these there are magnificent clumps of Japan 
snowball {Viburnum pUcatum) which in late May 
or June are hung heavily with great balls of white 
bloom. 

Now you have come to a second cross path, one 
end of which (the left) runs out to a little swing 
gate opposite Lincoln Road, the other leads across 
the Drive to the Flower Garden. Close by the little 
swing gate are two stalwart black walnuts. Keeping 
on straight ahead almost opposite the carriage way 
to the rear of the Restaurant, almost in the middle 
of the grassy bank on your right, rises a European 
hnden {TUia Europca) of the true type, with fine 
leaves delicately cut and long sweeping drooping lower 
branches. This tree has the true dusky smoky black 
of the European linden. A little further, directly oppo- 



63 

site the Restaurant's driveway is a fine Norway maple 
and there are more of them right around it here. Close 
beside the driveway, further on, not far from a lamp- 
post, you will find, English cork-bark elm (Ulmns 
suberosa) which you can know at once by its heavy 
cork-ridged limbs and rugged trunk. The tree has a 
rough, tough expression which you can easily get to 
know on sight. Lamp-posts are good landmarks and 
very near to the one here, just east of it, close by the 
Walk, is a fine sycamore maple (Acer pseudo- 
platan us). It gets its name from a resem- 
blance of its leaves to those of the common 
buttonball {Platanus), "false-platanus." Compare 
the leaves of the tw^o trees. On the oppo- 
site side of the Walk, a little below the syca- 
more maple you will find the pretty Siberian pea tree 
(Caragaua arborescens) with its leaflets in pairs and 
)ellow flowers when in bloom and, below the Siberian 
pea, stands a yellowwood. Opposite the Siberian pea 
tree, on the right of the Walk is a black cherry 
(Prunus serotiiva) which you can pick out at onc£ 
by its rough, scaly bark. Its bark makes you think 
something of the Kentucky coffee tree, but the coft'ee 
tree excels it in roughness. On the border of the 
Drive a little south and w^est of the black cherry is 
a small hemlock, wnth its fine and feathery foliage 
waving a pleasing contrast. There is always a forest 
glint about the foliage of the hemlock. Opposite the 
hemlock is Norway maple, and another just south, 
near the border of the Drive. Then come a few Eng- 
lish field maples (Acer campestre) with short sturdy 



64 



trunks and branches thrown squarely out from the 
shoulder. The bark of these is rough and tough like 
the bark of the English elm. The tree has much the 
look of a Norway maple and especially so at the time 
of bloom, for its flowers are corymbiform like those 
of the Norway and have very much the same appear- 
ance. But they are of a duller green. The leaf of 
the English maple has a squarish, bluntish cut, is 
rather small and usually five lobed. In general, it 
looks like a smaller edition of the leaf of the Norway 
maple, with lobes trimmed short and rounded. It is 
a sturdy stocky tree and one you grow to love dearly. 
You are now very near the Irving Statue and the 
Drive crossing. Just before you come to the cross- 
ing, a few feet in front of the lamp-post which stands 
on the extreme turn of the Walk, on the edge of the 
border, you come to a tree which it is well to get to 
know early in your rambles for you meet it all over 
the Park. It is not a large tree, and grows generally 
with a rather round-headed form, "all head and shoul- 
ders." It is the Ka^Ireuferia paniculafa from China 
and takes its name from Koelreuter, a German bota- 
nist. You may easily know it by its pinnate leaves 
made up of about a dozen coarsely toothed leaflets. 
In early July this tree bears great clusters of hand- 
some yellow flowers which at once mark it from afar. 
These flowers ripen quickly into strange looking blad- 
dery pods which are very conspicuous and very queer 
looking objects to the eye that knows them not. They 
are especially noticeable in autumn. This particular 
Koclreutcria before us now stands, as has been said, 



65 

almost at the end of the right hand bank of the Walk, 
just where the Walk meets the Drive to cross over to 
the terrace wall of the Flower Garden. 

To go back a moment, notice about opposite the hem- 
lock and the Norway maple which you passed just 
above, the fine yellow-wood with its smooth branches 
and long compound leaves. You can pick out a yel- 
low-wood almost by the look of its bark, a smooth 
slate gray, not quite so light and plump as the beech 
nor so silvery as the silver linden but nevertheless 
very smooth and satin-like to the eye, especially in 
winter. Its leaves are compound, alternate and odd- 
pinnate with the bases of the petioles hollow. The 
leaves are made up of from seven to eleven oval or 
ovate leaflets about three to four inches long and 
are of a beautiful light green color. The flowers of 
the yellow-wood are very dainty and pretty and hang 
in long drooping panicles of pure white in late June 
or early July with something of the fragrance of the 
common locust's flowers. The flowers develop into 
pods about two inches long and are ripe in August. 

About opposite the Koclreutcria, on your left, as you 
walk on south, you pass an interesting bush with its 
leaves in threes. It is the Ptclca frifoliafa, the hop 
tree or shrubby trefoil. It gets its name Ptclca from 
its fruit, which is elm-like, ptclca being Greek for 
elm. Its fruit is wafer like, and does indeed look 
very much like the samara of the elm, but on an en- 
larged scale. This shrub blooms in June with green- 
ish white flowers in terminal heads or cymes and 
these in turn develop into conspicuous clusters of 



66 



wafer-like fruit with broad winged margins notched 
a httle at the ends. There are many of these shrubs 
in the Park and quite a number of them are of the 
golden leaved variety, with bright yellow leaves in 
early spring and summer. Beyond the Ptelea, on the 
same side of the Walk, you will find another Koclreii- 
feria and beyond the Kcclrcnteria, European beech. 
This brings us to the Irving Statue, directly opposite 
the Flower Garden. 



SECTIONAL DIAGRAM 

wmwm smiyi ,,,,<> 
oQmn mmm. mmmm ^^ ' ^ 







Explanations, Sectional 



Diagram No. 5 



Common Name 

Single-leaved European 
ash. 

European beech. 

Swiss stone pine. 

Reeve's spiraea. (Dou- 
ble flowered). 

Black or pear hawthorn. 

Reeve's spiraea. (Single 
flowered). 

Van Houtte's spiraea. 

European flowering ash. 
y. Shadloush, June berry, or 
service berry. 

10. Fragrant honeysuckle. 

11. Weigela. 

12. Ninebark. 



Botanical Name 

Fraximts excelsior^ var. 

monophylla. 
Fagus sylvatica. 
Finns Ccnibra. 
Spircca Rccvcsiana, z'cir. Hore 

plena. 
Cratdgiis foiucnfosa. 
Spircca Rccvcsiana. 

Spircca J\in hlouttci. 
Fraxinns ornus. 
Amclanchicr Canadensis. 

Lonicera fragran tissinia. 
Diervilla aniabilis. 
Fhysocarpus (or Spircca) op- 
ulifolia. 



13- 


Striped maple or 
wood. 


moose- 


Acer Fcnnsylvanicum. 


14. 


Fringe tree. 




Chionanthus Virginica , 


15. 


Hemlock. 




Tsuga Canadensis. 


16. 


Yellow-wood. 




Cladrastis tincforia. 


17- 


Weigela. 




Diervilla am a bilis. 


18. 


Paper or canoe birch. 


Betula papyrifera. 


19. 


Norway spruce. 




Ficca excelsa. 


20. 


American white 


ash. 


Fraxinns A nicricana. 


21. 


Hop tree or shru 
trefoil. 


bby 


Ftelea trifoliata. 


22. 


Judas tree or redbud. 


Cercis Canadensis. 


23- 


Red cedar. 




Juniperus I Irgin iana. 


24. 


Pyramidal variety of 


Thuya occidcntalis, var 




American arbor 


vit?e. 


inidalis. 


25. 


Oriental spruce. 




Ficea Orientalis. 


26. 


Black haw. 




Vihiirntim prunifoliuni 


27. 


Silver maple. 




Acer dasycarpnni. 


28. 


Red maple. 




Acer rub rum. 



pyra- 



70 



Common Name 



Botanical Name 



29. Norway maple. 

30. Flowering dogwood. 

31. European linden. 

2)2. Broad-leaved European 

linden. 
2)Z- European silver linden. 

34. Weeping European sil- 

ver linden. 

35. Bridal wreath spirsea. 

36. European silver linden. 

yj. Cucumber tree. 

38. Umbrella tree. 

39. S3^camore maple. 

40. Arrowwood. 

41. Tulip tree. 

42. Austrian pine. 

43. Fly honeysuckle. 

44. Bristly locust. 

45. Silver bell or snowdrop 

tree. 

46. False indigo. 

47. Washington thorn. 

48. Chinese quince. 

49. English elm. 

50. Kentucky coffee tree. 

51. Black cherry. 

52. Choke cherry. 

53. English hawthorn. 

54. Weigela. 

55. Ash-leaved maple or box 

elder. 

56. Sycamore maple. 
^y. Sassafras. 

58. White pine. 

59. Flowering dogwood. 

60. Persimmon. 

61. American hornbeam. 

62. Cherry birch. 

63. Broad-leaved European 

linden. 



Acer platanoidcs. 

Cor mis Uorida. 

Tilia Europcua. 

Tilia Europcca, var. plati- 

phylla. 
Tilia Europcca, var. argcn- 

tea (or alha). 
Tilia Europcca, var. argcntca 

(or alha) pcndula. 
Spircca prunifolia. 
Tilia Europcca, var. argcntca 

(or alba). 
Magnolia acuminata. 
Magnolia umbrella. 
Acer pscudoplatanus. 
Vihiirnum dcntatum. 
Liriodendron tulip if era. 
Pi mis Austriaca. 
Loniccra xylostcum. 
Robinia hispida. 
Halcsia tetraptcra. 

Amorpha fructicosa. 
Cratccgus cordata. 
Cydonia Sinensis. 
Ulmus campcstris. 
Gymnocladus Canadensis. 
Primus serotina. 
Prumis Virginiana. 
Cratccgus oxyacantha. 
Dicrvilla amabilis. 
Negundo accroides. 

Acer pscudoplatanus. 
Sassafras officinale. 
Pi mis strobus. 
Cormis -florida. 
Didspyros Virginiana. 
Carpinus Caroliniana. 
Betula Icnta. 
Tilia Europcca, var. plati- 
phylla. 



71 



Common Name Botanical Name 

64. Eioad-leaved European Tilia Europcca, var. plati- 

Hnden. phylla. 

65. Ktx?lrenteria. Kaclrcutcvia panicitlata. 

66. English field maple. Acer campcstrc. 

67. Lilac. (White flowers.) Syringa vulgaris, var. a'lba. 



V. 
IRVING STATUE TO OCEAN AVENUE ENTRANCE. 

In this ramble we start at the Irving Statue, op- 
posite the Flower Garden, and walk south to Ocean 
Avenue Gate. Along this Walk there are many in- 
teresting things to see. 

Just below the Statue, at the left of the Walk, as 
you face south you find the queer single-leaved ash 
{Fra.viinis excelsior, var, iiioiiopliylla). It is queer, 
because, as a rule, ash trees have compound leaves. 
You can know it at once by its thick, rough, heavy 
looking bark. A glance at this alone gives you the hint 
of its kinship with Fraxinus. Try to see it in the 
early spring, when it sends out little spurts of fine 
purplish bloom, peculiar sights en its bare branches, 
looking very much like small tufted plumes. Below 
the single-leaved ash is a handsome European beech, 
easily known by its smooth gray bark, and wavy, hairy 
margins of its leaves which are not toothed. Below the 
beech is a good sized young Swiss stone pine {Pinns 
Ceiiibra). This tree is doing well here and in winter is 
very handsome with its rich dark green, lightened a lit- 
tle by the glaucous bloom on its leaves. If you ex- 
amine the leaves of this tree you find that they arc 
clustered five in a fascicle and are distinctlv three 



1Z 



sided in shape. Cut a leaf across and you have a 
perfect triangle. 

On the right of the Walk, close beside the Drive 
and just back of the lamp-post there, you will find 
a well grown hawthorn, very handsome in Alay, with, 
abundant white flowers, in showy heads. It is the 
Ijlack or pear hawthorn, (Cratccgus foiiicufosa). Near 
it, but overarching the Walk is the interesting shad- 
bush (Auiclaiichicr Canadensis) or June berry. It 
blooms in late April and tips up its little white, cherry- 
like blossoms in racemes at the ends of its branches, 
before the leaves are fully out. They are very dainty 
and fairy-like and sights you love to see when so many 
limbs are bare and wintry looking. The Aniclanchier, 
speaking of winter, has a mark by which you can know 
it afar off. Once get in your eye its silvery gray jark 
marked with fine streaking lines and you will never 
forget the shadbush. To the right of the shadbush, 
near the Drive are European flowering ashes (Fraxi- 
nus onius) easily picked out by their short squat 
trunks, brittle, grayish branches and compound 
leaves. The leaflets have their edges crinkled 
and curled. Passing on, we come to masses of 
Weigela, covered in June with sweet smell- 
ing rose-pink flowers. Back of the masses of 
Weigela, half hidden by them, a young striped maple 
(Acer Pennsylvanicnni) lifts up its slender stretch of 
bark which it is worth while to stop and look at. Do 
you see those pretty fine lines striping it so gracefully. 
From these it gets its common name. Its leaves are 
broad, three lobed, with beautiful, long pointed tips. 



74 



But the best sight the striped maple has to show is 
its bloom. Try to catch it in late April or early 
May, when it is letting down its lovely fairy-like ra- 
cemes of tenderest green. It is then the very essence 
of grace and delicacy. The leaf of the striped maple 
has a decided goose-foot look. Beyond the striped 
maple are European beech (note its tender leaves with 
edges entire, frilled with delicate hairs) and European 
flowering ash again. 

A few feet further along, on the right of the Walk 
we meet a yellow-wood, and back of the yellow-wood, 
about half way toward the Drive is a white paper 
or canoe birch (Betula papyrifcra). As there are sev- 
'eral varieties of white birch near here, it is a good 
place to note their distinguishing features. The 
canoe or paper birch has long, ovate, taper-pointed, 
heart-shaped leaves ; the American white or gray birch 
has triangular shaped leaves, very conspicuously taper 
pointed and very truncate at their broad bases. This 
is the Bctida populifolia or poplar leaved birch. If 
you know the leaf of the Lombardy poplar you will see 
the significance of this name. Another white birch, 
very frequent in the Park is the European white birch, 
Betula alba, with rather deltoid leaves and, in the cut- 
leaved variety, laciniata, very beautifully in-cut. These 
are the usual varieties of the white birch in the Park 
and you can tell them at once by their leaves. The 
canoe birch, at its best, has a brilliant chalky white 
bark, a very beautiful specimen of which you will 
find near the Plaza Entrance, described in the first 
chapter of this book. 



75 

But, to go on, we find some more yellow-woods 
and then three very beautiful European beeches. Com- 
pare their soft, toothless leaves with those of our own 
beech. Our own is strongly toothed, and looks like 
a broadened form of the chestnut leaf. Then we 
come to Norway spruce, sparse and thin, not doing 
very well for some reason and then to a lusty paper 
birch, side by side with European beech. Next to 
these we have a good tall American white ash and 
beyond the ash, hop tree (Ptcica trifoliata). Then 
come Koclrcutcvia, American ash again, (close beside 
the Walk) with its strongly individualized bark, and 
then sturdy English maple {Acer cainpestre) . If you 
should happen to see an English maple bloom don't 
mistake it for a Norway maple, as I have frequently 
known people to do. It has its flowers in a corymb 
like that of the Norway maple but its green is darker. 
Look at the leaves. They will set you right. A lit- 
tle open stretch follows and we come to American ash 
again. Just beyond, indeed almost beside it, we meet 
an evergreen which at once arrests attention by its 
beautiful dark green short blunt leaves. If you look 
at its bark you will see that it is dashed and splashed 
with grayish-white. This grayish-white is resin and 
the tree is a fine specimen of Oriental spruce (Picea 
Orientalis). It is distinctly conical in form and you 
can tell it by this shape, and by its blunt, short, dark 
green needles scarcely half an inch long. 

Up to this point, easily marked by the conical form 
of the Oriental spruce, you have passed on your left, 
beginning at the Irving Statue, single leaved ash, Eu- 



76 

ropean beech, Swiss stone pine, double flowered Reeve 
spircca (very handsome in July), fragrant honeysuckle 
(Lonicera fragrantissinia) and fringe tree (Chionan- 
thus Virgijiica) , opposite the yellow-wood. We must 
stop here to say a word about the fringe tree. If ever 
a thing botanical was well named, this is. Come and 
see it in flower in June when it is draped through and 
through with beautiful fringe-like bloom, so purely 
white, that it has won its other name Chionanthus from 
the Greek words for snow and blossom. The white 
petals are an inch long- and very slender. The fruit 
of the tree is a blue purple berry which the birds 
love dearly. Beyond the fringe tree and considerably 
to its left, standing quite alone in a lovely open space, 
where in June it is knee deep in waving grasses, stands 
a graceful young hemlock. It stands so conspicuously 
alone, you cannot mistake it. The hemlock is to me 
a tree full of grace and loveliness. Every breeze that 
blows moves its fine fingering branches which flutter 
tenderly and seem to reach for the passing breeze and 
play with it as with living fingers. If you go near 
to it, when the breeze is whispering to it, how delicate 
is the music of its leaves. 

Passing on, along the Walk we meet another fine 
yellow-wood, with antler-like growth of branches, 
smooth and clean cut of limb, a delight to the eve. 
Beyond the yellow-wood a burst of IVeigela will wel- 
come you with lovely pink and white corollas if you 
ramble here in June and, considerably along the path, 
about opposite a European beech, is the stump of a 
Judas tree. It was once a beauty but disasters of 



7? 



winter, ice and sleet and whistling winds have not 
left much of it. As you go on south, you come to three 
tall spire-like trees, with their tops a little hent from 
the perpendicular. The first is a red cedar, the other 
two, south w^ard, are American arbor vitcX of the vari- 
ety "pyramidalis" {lliuya occidcnfalis, vav. pyrain- 
idalis). Their tops were hent by ice storms. I passed 
them one winter not long ago after an ice storm had 
swept the Park with its lovely beauty but awful havoc 
and these three trees were bowed, as if in prayer, 
their heads bent almost to the ground, glittering wath 
ice- jewels, but almost ready to crack apart. When the 
sun came with its silent golden hammers and broke 
the fettering ice, they lifted, but they never regained 
the straight minaret-like spires of their former days. 
Just beyond these three trees you come to two more 
Oriental spruces, known at once, as has been said, 
by their dark green masses of foliage, short, 
blunt needles, conical forms and resin painted trunks. 
They stand just a few feet south of their handsome 
kinsman on the other side of the Walk. 
- Let us come back now to this very tree where we 
left off and follow the path southwards, noting 
the things on the right hand side until we come to 
a point that cannot be mistaken. Then w^e wall come 
back again and note the things on the left of the Walk. 
We start with the Oriental spruce on the right of 
the Walk. Nestling close behind the conifer, like a 
shy young girl behind her grandfather, peeps out a 
dainty little black haw {Vihuniinn pninifoliuin) with 
oval, smooth, finely-cut leaves. In May it is covered 



^8 



with flowers in flat-topped clusters and in Septem- 
ber it is hung full of blue black sweet berries. In 
form it looks like a hawthorn but you will not find 
any thorns on it. Not far from the black haw a good 
sized silver maple flings over the Walk the dancing 
shade of its finely cut leaves. The silver maple has 
become so common as a street tree in cities that 
many pass it by with but little notice. Yet what a 
beautifully cut leaf it has. Close to the silver 
maple stands a red maple. You will know 
it by its three pointed or lobed leaf. There are 
several of these red maples very close together here 
and very beautiful they are in early spring, when their 
boughs are covered with dainty crimson flowers. Then 
you can see and know them afar off. A little further 
along stands a fine Norway maple, equally handsome 
in spring when it sets its brilliant green corymb-like 
flowers in an almost uncontrollable burst of bloom 
all over its branches. Then come dogwood, so lovely 
in May, and European linden of the broad-leaved vari- 
ety, (Tilia Europcca, var. plafypliylla) , then a well 
grown fringe tree and then a plump silver linden ( Tilia 
Europcca, var. argcntca or alba) with well defined su- 
gar-loaf form, light ashen gray or mouse gray, smooth 
bark, and large cordate or sub-orbicular leaves, smooth 
dark green on top, but very white and silvery on the 
undersides. You cannot mistake this. tree. Its limbs 
spring out from the trunk low down. It is a very hand- 
some tree and when the wind plays with its large 
silvery leaves, the whole tree fairly burns with life 
and light. Beyond you will find the pendulous variety 



79 

of this species of European silver linden, with leaves 
noticeably shorn off sharply on one side. The next 
larger tree on this side of the Walk is European silver 
linden again, and in between the two silver lindens, 
is a lovely specimen of the bridal wreath spiraea (Spi- 
rcca pninifolia). This spiraea bears white wreath-like 
flowers, hanging four or five together in little 
bunches or umbels all along the gracefully bending 
stems. It blooms in late April or early May. Be- 
rjond the silver linden is cucumber tree {Magnolia 
acuminata) , easily known by its pale green, thin leaves, 
pointed at both ends, and from five to ten inches long. 
Its fruit grows to resemble a small sized cucumber, 
whence its name. This fruit is very conspicuous in 
early autumn, showing crimson through its leaves at 
quite a distance. Not far from the cucumber tree, 
closer down to the Drive is an umbrella tree and as 
these trees are often mistaken for each other, it is 
a good place to note how different they are. as they 
stand here almost side by side. The umbrella tree 
is Magnolia ninbrcUa and has very large paddle-shaped 
leaves from one to two feet long. They grow clus- 
tered together at the ends of the branches and hang 
down in a very umbrella-like way. The tree's habit of 
growing its leaves in this manner has given it its com- 
mon name. Its bark has the magnolia look, but the 
bark of the cucumber tree is almost elm-like in char- 
acter. Looking at its bark alone you would never 
think it to be a magnolia. The cucumber tree has 
pale yellowish-green flowers and the umbrella tree 
white flowers. Both bloom some time in May. Beyond 



8o 



the cucumber tree is a fine sycamore maple, then dog- 
wood, and then an excellent tulip tree which in June 
loads itself with handsome chalice-like flowers, green- 
ish yellow. Nestling close beside the tulip is a beautiful 
clump of arrowwood {Viburnum dcutatiim) with 
leaves exquisitely cut {dentatiiin) all round their mar- 
gins. You will know it by its saw-cut leaves. This 
tulip tree stands about directly opposite the open space 
of the Drive which leads into the "Carriage Con- 
course." 

Up to this point, you have passed on the left begin- 
ning at the spot where the Oriental spruces stand close 
together, about opposite the handsome one on the right 
of the Walk mentioned above ; — red maple, silver ma- 
ple (opposite Norway maple), European linden (Tilia 
Europcca), opposite dogwood, European linden again 
(opposite two fine trees of the same kind). Notice 
the dusky, smoky look of its bark and the almost 
sooty black of its branches. Then come three rather 
scrawny specimens of hemlock, one after the other. 
For some reason they do not seem to be doing very 
well. They stand about opposite the bridal-wreath 
spiraea. Norway spruce, thin and scant of leaf, stands 
about opposite the sycamore maple, and Austrian pine 
about opposite the handsome tulip spoken of above. 

Now let us go along from the tulip tree again, 
continuing south, noting the things, on the right of 
the Walk. Just beyond it is bridal-wreath spirsea 
again, then. fringe tree and then a soft leaved honey- 
suckle with yellow-white flowers in late May or early 
June. This is Loniccra xylostcum and its flowers are 



often slightly tinged with red. They are two lipped 
and the upper lip (the broad one) is four-notched. Its 
leaf is broadly oval, of a dull green, very pubescent 
when young, but gets smooth later on. It is about from 
one to three inches long. This bush bears dark red 
berries. The flowers are white at first but soon 
change to yellow. Just beyond this honeysuckle you 
come to a cluster of three sycamore maples, fine trees 
all of them, with large, splendidly developed leaves. 
You remember this sycamore maple has leaves very 
much like the American buttonwood. From this re- 
semblance it gets its botanical name pseud o — (false) 
and plat anus (plane tree or buttonwood). The flowers 
of the sycamore maple are very curious looking things. 
They come soon after the leaves appear, in long, pen- 
dulous cone-shaped racemes of dull green. They are 
quite conspicuous and you cannot fail to see them if 
you are near the tree at its flowering time. These 
racemes soon develop into close clusters of fruit called 
"keys" or ''samaras." The leaf of the sycamore 
maple is thick and coarse of texture, cordate, with 
five lobes crenately toothed and always on noticeably 
reddish stems or petioles. The fruit hangs on the 
tree long after the leaves fall in the autumn. After 
the sycamore maples you meet a bush of rambling 
sprawling branches and locust-like leaves. It is the 
bristly locust (Rohinia hispida) and beyond it is a 
well grown clump of lilac which decks itself gorgeously 
in ^lay with white flowers. Next to the lilac is 
Auiorplia frncticosa, of the great Legnminoscc or pulse 
family and in late May or early June sends out deep 



82 



violet, indigo flowers clustered in terminal spikes. Its 
common name is false indigo. Beyond this bush is 
a little halesia or snow-drop tree with which you no 
doubt haye already become well acquainted. Try to 
see the halesia in early spring. At that time it seems 
the yery essence of spring itself, and its pearly white 
flower bells with their hanging clapper-like pistils, 
seem to ring out "purity, purity, purity," through 
the leafing trees from all their silent little bells. There 
is a music that is soundless and that is the music of 
a flower to the eye. Such music bells the halesia in 
spring. But you can know it when it is not in bloom by 
its bark, which is distinctly marked with longitud- 
inal lines. Its leaves are very soft and velvety, oblong 
egg-shape, from two to four inches in length, 
and finely serrate. If it be in fruit, you can surely 
know it by its seed which is distinctly four-winged ; — 
hence its name Halesia tctraptera, (tctra, Greek for 
four and ptcra, wing). As we go along, we meet, still 
on the right, a young Washington thorn (Cratcrgiis 
cordata) with small leaves very noticeably triangular 
in form. It blooms in middle or late May with ter- 
minal corymbs of white flowers which develop into 
small scarlet berries in September. These hang upon 
the tree late into the winter and they are cheery, 
glowing sights when all the paths are stilled with the 
driven snow. As you go on south two pretty young 
black haws lean out over the Walk to you. The sec- 
ond is very near a lamp-post that stands by the Drive. 
This will show you where you are. Just beyond the 
lamp-post is black cherry {Pnunis scvotina) with 



83 

smooth green leaves and rugged bark. Then two more 
black haws and then a pretty English hawthorn 
(Cratccgiis oxyacantha) with smooth, obovate leaves 
deeply cut in at the lobes and distinctly wedge shaped 
at the base. This also bears white flowers in INIay. 
But, although there are many white flowered English 
hawthorns in the Park, there are also many which 
bear single and double pink, and crimson flowers. Be- 
yond the English hawthorn is choke cherry (Priinus 
Virginiana), then black haw again and then a cluster 
of beautiful pink and white flowered Weigela, {Dier- 
villa ainabilis). Further on, that you may know the 
spot, you pass several Oriental spruces, one after the 
other. About here, the Walk bends around to meet the 
Drive, and at its very corner is a fine sycamore maple. 
Going back now to the tulip tree opposite the point 
where the Drive opens into the Carriage Concourse, 
and following south again, noting the things on the 
left of the Walk, you pass Austrian pine (opposite 
bridal wreath spiraea) ; Pyramidal arbor vitae (oppo- 
site sycamore maple) ; Oriental spruce (opposite lilac 
and amorpha) ; Chinese quince (Cydonia Sinensis) op- 
posite the two black haws which stand just north of 
the lamp-post by the Drive. This is a peculiar tree 
and worth noticing. It looks in winter as if it might 
be a hornbeam. It bears beautiful pink flowers in 
spring and has thick finely serrate roundish leaves, 
almost leathery in texture. Beyond the Chinese quince, 
is English elm, then, close to the Walk a cucumber 
tree. Back from the Walk is a good sized Kentucky 
cofifee tree, tall, rather Y-form in habit of branching, 



84 



with rough, scaly bark and leaves twice piniiately com- 
pound. Its flowers are greenish-white and show con- 
spicuously in panicles at the ends of its branches, ap- 
pearing usually in June. Then we come to cucum- 
ber tree again and then to several umbrella trees clus- 
tered close together. Beyond the umbrella trees, back 
from the Walk, is tulip tree and beyond, close to the 
Walk, ash-leaved maple. The next tree along the 
path is silver maple, then sycamore maple, Norway 
maple, ash-leaved maple, broad-leaved European lin- 
den, cherry birch, Norway spruce, flowering dogwood 
and ash-leaved maple at the end of the Walk on the 
left just as you go out to Ocean Avenue. In the little 
section made by the fork of the path with the Drive 
you will find an interesting tree close by the fence, 
about midway between the path and the Drive. It 
is the persimmon tree (Diospyros Virginiana) and in 
September when the frosty sparkling days come you 
will see its yellow globose berries about an inch long, 
showing plainly on its branches. The frost ripens the 
berries. This brings you to Ocean Avenue, but be- 
fore you go home take a look at the large leaved 
maple trees that have been set along the sidewalk. 
They are rich crimson in early spring when they leaf. 
They are Schwedler's maples, varieties of the Norway 
maple. 



SECTIONAL DIAGRAM 

ummm mmvM 

36 TO 




Explanations, Section.al Diagram No. 6 



Common Naime 



Botanical Name 



Oriental plane tree. 

Yellow birch. 

Hackberry or sugar- 
berry. 

European hornbeam. 

American basswood. 

Tulip tree. 

European or tree alder. 

Umbrella tree. 

American or white elm. 

Soulange's magnolia. 

Indian bean or southern 
catalpa. 

Norway spruce. 

European larch. 

Austrian pine. 

Scotch pine. 

European flowering ash. 

Kcelreuteria. 

Japan quince. 

Variegated Weigela. 



20. Judas tree or red bud. 

21. American white or gray 

birch. 

22. Golden bell or Forsythia. 

23. Weeping European 

larch. 

24. American hornbeam. 

25. American hornbeam. 

26. Oleaster. 

2"]. Ash-leaved maple or box 

elder. 
28. Mock orange or sweet 

syringa. 



Plataims Orientalis. 
Be tula lutea. 
Ccltis Occidentalis. 

Carpinus betulus. 
Tilia Americana. 
Liriodendron tulipifera. 
Alnus glutinosa. 
Magnolia umbrella. 
Ulmns Americana. 
Magnolia Soulangeana, 
Catalpa bignonioides. 

Picca excelsa. 

Larix Enropcea. 

Finns Aiistriaca. 

Pinus sylvestris. 

Fraxinus ornus. 

Kcelreuteria paniculata. 

Cydonia Japonica. 

Diervilla rosea, var. foliis 

variegatis. 
Cereis Canadensis. 
Betiila populifolia. 

Fa rsy tli ia 7 ' irid iss im a . 

Larix Enropcca, var. pcn- 

dula. 
Carpinus Caroliniana. 
Carpinus Caroliniana. 
Elcragnus angustifolia. 
Negundo aceroides. 

Philadelphus corona rius. 



Common Name 



Botanical Name 



30. 
31. 
32. 
33- 
34- 
35. 

36. 
37- 
38. 
39- 
40. 
41. 

42. 

43. 
44. 

45. 
46. 
47. 
48. 
49. 

50. 
51- 
52. 
53. 

54- 
55. 
56. 
57. 
58. 
59- 
60. 
61. 
62. 



European larch. 

Large-flowered syringa. 

Red maple. 

European bird cherry. 

European hazel. 

American hornbeam. 

Weeping European sil- 
ver linden. 

Red maple. 

Cherry birch. 

Bush Deutzia. 

American hornbeam. 

Norway maple. 

Hop tree or shrubby tre- 
foil. 

Black cherry and cherry 
birch grown together. 

Black haw. 

Weeping bald cypress. 



American 
American 
European 
American 
European 



white a:h. 
hornbeam, 
linden, 
basswood. 
silver linden. 



Yellow willow. 
Weigela. 

Large-flowered syringa. 
Ninebark. 

Japan cedar. 
Hemlock. 
Noble silver fir. 
Alcock's spruce. 
Rhododendron. 
Mountain laurel. 
Chinese cork tree. 
Catesby's Andromeda. 
Japan ground cypress, 
or Japan arbor vitae. 
(Plume-leaved). 



Lari.v Europcca. 

Philadclplius grandiUoriis. 

Acer riihnim. 

P run us pad us. 

Coryhis avellana. 

Carpinus Caroliniana. 

Tilia Europcca, var. argcntca 

(or alba) pcndida. 
Acer riihruin. 
Be tula lent a. 
Deutda crcnata. 
Carpinus Caroliniana. 
Acer platanoides. 
Ptelea trifoliata. 

Pruiius scrotina and Betula 

lenta 
Viburnum prunifolium. 
Ta.rodiuni distichiim, var. 

pendulum. 
Fraxiniis Americana. 
Carpinus Caroliniana. 
Tilia Europcca. 
Tilia Americana. 
Tilia Europcca^ var, argentea 

(or alba). 
Salix alba, var. vitcllina. 
Dicrvilla amabilis. 
Ph ila delp h us gra ndiflorus. 
Physocarpus (or Spircea) 

opulifolia. 
Cryptonieria Japonica. 
Tstiga Canadensis. 
Abies nobilis. 
Picca Alcoquina. 
Rhododendron everestianuni. 
Kalmia latifolia. 
Phcllodendron Amurense. 
Andromeda Catesbcei. 
Chanicccyparis (or Retinos- 

pora) pisifera, var. plu- 

mosa. 



89 



Common Name , Botanical Name 

63. Variegated English yew. Ta.yus harrafa, var. clcgan- 

tissiiua. 

64. PI nnrc -leaved K---li.sIi Ulmiis campcstris, vor. plu- 

elm. mosa. 



VI. 

LINCOLN STATUE TO FIRST SUMMER HOUSE. 

This ramble begins at the Lincohi Statue, south 
of the Flower Garden, follows the path which leads 
off to the west from the Walk on which the Statue 
stands, and skirts the southern slope of Breeze Hill 
to a point where the Walk breaks into two forks. 
Here we stop, and, turning back, follow the lake 
border to Ford Bridge. 

Very near the end of the wall which bounds the 
south-western corner of the Flower Garden, you will 
find a hemlock. Directly back of the hemlock, up the 
hill a little to the north-west is a rare conifer, well 
worth your careful attention. You will know it by 
its reddish bark stripped and shredded very much like 
that of a red cedar. Look at its leaves. Do they 
make you think of the claws of a cat? Examine 
them closely and you will find that they are rather 
four-sided, curved and taper gradually down from 
a large sessile base to a sharp tip. This gives 
each branch a rather hard, close look. If you exam- 
ine this tree carefully you may see its cones, either 
green (the new ones) or dull brown (the old ones) 
clinging at the end of the branches. The form of 
the tree is lofty and spire-like and its foliage is richly 
dark green. What is it? Perhaps you have already 



9i 

guessed it to be the Japan cedar {Cryptomcria Japoitr- 
ica.) There are several of them along here and I 
love to see them sway in the wind, gathering their 
close hard branches about them and bowing with 
stately and courtly grace, then lifting in noble dig- 
nity, tall and fair and straight, swaying gently with 
a silent majesty that is truly regal. 

Beyond this point as you follow the path eastward, 
are variegated English yew, whose dark, flat, sharp- 
pointed leaves you have, no doubt, long since grown 
to recognize at a glance; then Catesby's Andromeda 
(differing from the Andromeda you met up in Vale 
Cashmere, by its sharper, more taper pointed leaves) 
which nestles close beside another Crypfomeria Japon- 
ica. A little beyond the Crypfomeria, near the Walk, 
is CJiamcecyparis (or Retinospora) pisifera. You 
can know it by its flat leaf-sprays which branch in 
rather gridiron manner. Further on you will find 
m.ountain laurel with shining, glossy elliptic leaves, 
then rhododendron with rosy-lilac flowers, and 
just about opposite the point made by the 
forking of the two branches of the Walk, you 
will see two conifers of special note and beauty. 
They stand side by side and are about of the same 
height. You will know them at once by the decided 
Ijluish cast to their silvery-green foliage. If you ex- 
amine this, you will see that their needles first follow 
along parallel with the stem and then bend sharply 
up from it at right angles, making a kind of comb 
of the branch. There you will have the key to their 
identity and will know them to be very good speci- 



92 

mens of the noble silver fir. Close beside them, 
to the west, rises a graceful weeping bald cypress 
which you will do well to see in autumn. A search 
about the base of this tree may reward you with a 
sight of parts of their cones, for this tree bears them 
very generously as you can see by looking at its up- 
per branches. There you can behold them hanging, 
little round balls, like small apples. But I don't 
think you will find them whole, on the ground. If 
you do you will be lucky. 

Beyond the bald cypress, close by the Walk, is the 
Japan arbor vit?e chanicrcyparis (or Rcfinospora) pisi- 
fcra, var. iiUfcra. It is a small evergreen with thread- 
like leaf-sprays. 

About opposite this shrub, as you face the Lake, 
on the border of the tongue of bank made by the fork 
of Walks here, you will find some good specimens of 
the white cedar {Cliaiucccyparis spliccroidca) with 
glaucous-green foliage. Between the white cedars 
and the tip of the tongue of bank, stands a red cedar, 
and at the point of the tongue, a sapling bald cypress. 

Up the slope of the hill, back of the rhododendron 
which you just passed a moment ago, you will find 
a fair specimen of the Alcock's spruce. You can dis- 
tinguish it by its leaves, which are rather flattish- 
four-sided ; curved, bluntly rounded at the tip, deep 
green on the upperside and whitish beneath. 

Turn now and follow the path around the terrace 
which banks the Lake. You are now walking east- 
ward and on your right, nearly in the center of the 
grassy rise of bank between you and the water is 



93 

a stocky yellow birch. You know it at once by its 
silvery gray-green bark tinged with copper. The bark 
peels and curls in shreds and frayed ends which give 
it a ragged appearance all its own. 

Nearer the Walk stands a hackberry, identified 
easily by the warty knobs and ridges on its trunk, 
usually more pronounced on the bark near the ground, 
If the warty ridges do not satisfy you, look at its 
lop-sided long egg-shaped leaves which are very rough 
on the uppersides and hairy on the undersides. The 
fruit of the tree is a globular drupe or berry on a 
single stem. This berry is yellowish in summer but 
purple, when ripe in the autumn. 

In the corner of the Walk, close by the water, on 
your right stands a well foliaged European hornbeam. 
The Walk curves around an arm of the water here 
to a little peninsula which juts out into the Lake, just 
north of Scarlet Island. A curved rail bounds the 
Walk and cuts it off from this peninsula. If you 
step over it and follow the shore of the Lake around 
this peninsula you will find a fine American elm just 
beyond the rail, then some umbrella trees, with their 
large paddle-like leaves, and conspicuous crimson 
fruits in September; then European tree alder, tulip 
tree, and American basswood at the north-westerly 
corner of the peninsula. Continuing on around, you 
pass Chinese cork tree about south of the basswood. 
This is an extremely interesting tree and you will 
find it close by the water's edge, leaning out over it. 
You can tell it by its opposite leaves which are odd- 
pinnate and made up of about nine (there may 



94 



be more) leaflets. The leaflets are long, taper pointed. 
Indeed its leaves look very much like those of the 
ailanthiis. They turn bright red in autumn and re- 
main on the tree for quite a considerable time. The 
fruit of this tree is small, black, and pea shaped and 
hangs on the tree in winter in grape-like clusters. Be- 
yond the Chinese cork tree you meet umbrella tree 
again and again European alder, then American bass- 
wood and at the far eastern corner of the bank, in 
between the water and the rail, three umbrella trees 
close together. A handsome young Soulange's mag- 
nolia stands just back (to the west) of the square 
bend of the rail. 

As you thread the tall grass of this pretty spot 
look for two English elms with plume-like heads, lift- 
ing themselves up not unlike Lombardy poplars. These 
stand just a little north-east of the Chinese cork tree 
and you will know them by the plume-like wreathing 
of their leaves. They are very odd varieties of the 
English elm. 

Now we will come back to the Walk again, trust- 
ing that the Park authorities have given their per- 
mission to our wanderings, and resume our investiga- 
tions east and south-eastwards. 

As you follow the Walk it bends gracefully around 
to the south, leading you along a handsomely made 
terrace which holds the water back in a gentle bay 
north-east of Scarlet Island. This little bay is a beau- 
tiful sight in summer when the NeJumbium is in the 
height of its beauty, both in leaf and flower. Its 
leaf is large cup-shaped, and peltate, that is, on a stem 



95 



attached within the margin of the leaf which in this 
case is at the center. It is botanically known by the 
name Nelumhiiim speciosiim and its flowers are pink, 
red, or white. Commonly it is called false lotus or 
sacred bean of the Orient. 

Floating on these quiet waters you will also see 
the familiar water lily. This has a round leaf, cut 
from the margin to the center with a single straight 
incision and the leaf floats flat on the water, whereas 
the leaf of the Ncluinbiuni is lifted a foot or more 
above the water on a thick stalk. After a rain it 
is a pretty sight to see the water globules running 
like mercury hither and thither in the cups of these 
big leaves of the Ncliunbinin, as they toss with the 
breeze. 

As you go southwards, beyond the Fountain, at the 
end of the railed terrace, are beautiful beds of Vacti, 
which are interesting sights in summer, and just after 
you pass these, a grove of evergreens meets you on 
the right. We hope you have noticed, as you came 
along, the magnificent grove of Eastern plane trees 
which make such a noble display all about the Lin- 
coln Statue. They certainly are doing well. See how 
different their leaves are from those of the American 
plane tree or buttonwood. The leaf of the Eastern 
variety is much more maple-like in its cutting. 

But to go on, let us consider the grove beyond the 
bed of Cacti. The first tree you meet on the right of 
the Walk is Austrian pine, which you can identify by 
its dark green leaves, two in a fascicle and about six 
inches long. Beyond the Austrian pine is a Scotch 



96 

pine, with leaves two in a fascicle but only two to 
four inches long. The leaves of the Scotch pine have 
a decided twist and they are rather flattish near the 
point. The cones of the two trees are quite differ- 
ent, the Austrian's are about three times as large. The 
cone of the Scotch pine is small and its scales are 
distinctly quadrangular. Almost in a direct line, north- 
west from the Austrian pine, looking toward Scarlet 
Island, are European larch and two Norway spruces. 
Next to the Scotch pine is a European flowering ash, 
which bears greenish white fringe like flowers in clus- 
ters along its branches. 

At this point a little branch path runs off to the 
right toward the Lake. Follow it for a moment to 
its end then come back to the Walk from which it 
sprang. You will pass on the right European larch, 
Koclrciiteria, and Scotch pine. On the left you pass 
Forsyfhia viridissima, variegated Weigela and Japan 
quince at the end of the path, by the water. Coming 
back to the larger Walk now, beside the mass of For- 
syfhia viridissiiiia, there are two more thriving bushes 
of Japan quince. Just back of the quince lifts up an 
European weeping larch, which I think one of the 
handsomest in the Park. It is a perfect type of the 
Larix Eurapcca, var. pendnla. In early spring it is 
a marvel of fairy green, a floating cloud of lace, and 
as the season advances and summer breathes upon 
it, it covers itself with cascade upon cascade of drip- 
ping green, like a fountain, dropping its waters from 
terrace to terrace. Through its soft and graceful 
vail its cones can be seen clins^in"-. In winter these 



97 

give the tree an added beauty, standing out in con- 
spicuous jet against the sky. 

Near the WaHs:, just beyond this beautiful larch, 
is an American white birch, and, beside it, leaning 
out over the Lake, a well grown Judas tree. Here 
we have come to a spot where the Lake whispers 
alongside the Walk for a little distance, and from 
this open stretch you look across over the Large Lake 
to the wooded heights of Lookout Hill. Then the 
path runs on beneath the shade of arching trees and 
loses itself in green peninsulas and islands floating 
half asleep on dreaming slumbrous waters. 

As you enter the green arcade beyond the open 
stretch of Walk, close down by the water's edge, you 
will find two American hornbeams standing in the 
corner of the path on the right. Beyond these are 
two trees which look very much like willows. But 
they are quite different. They are oleasters (Elcuagiiiis 
aiigusfifolia) and if you pass them in July, you may 
see them in bloom. Then amid their silvery gray- 
green leaves you may find their fragrant spicy flow- 
ers. These are little tubes with four petals yellow 
on the inside but silvery white on the outside. The 
leaves of the trees are narrow {lanceolate) and sil- 
very white on the undersides, with a decided scurf. 

Beyond the oleasters, on the right of the Walk are 
tulip tree, ash-leaved maple, sweet syringa, European 
larch, large flowered syringa, European larch again, 
red maple, European bird cherry, European larch 
again, European hazel, American hornbeam. These 
are bv the 1:)order of the Walk, and. at the hornbeam, 



98 

you ought to be a little further than half the distance 
from the oleasters to the Ford Bridge. Now strike 
off to the water and along the bankside, you will 
find two very handsome weeping European silver lin- 
dens. You will know them by their sugar-loaf forms, 
smooth gray trunks and branches and cordate leaves 
green above and silvery beneath. Then come a 
red maple, cherry birch about half way between 
water and Walk, red maple again, and, back by the 
border of the Walk, Deiitzia crcnafa, American 
hornbeam and Norway maple close by the right hand 
corner of Ford Bridge. 

On the left of the Walk from the entrance of this 
delightful arcade, you have passed on your way to 
Ford Bridge, American elm; oleaster (about oppo- 
site ash-leaved maple) ; black haw; weeping bald cy- 
press; American white ash (opposite red maple); 
American basswoods, one of them a little off to the 
left of the Walk, the other about opposite a European 
larch ; European silver linden about opposite the first 
weeping European silver linden by the water; then 
another European silver linden about opposite the 
second weeping linden by the water ; then a couple 
of Norway maples ; and close by the Bridge, Dcut::ia 
crenata: Weigela; large flowered syringa and nine- 
bark. Back of the Deutzia crenata you will find a 
buckthorn with leaves that make you think of dog- 
wood, and back of the syringa, is a majestic old yel- 
low willow. There are, several of these fine old wil- 
lows here all along the borders of the stream and 
beautiful sights they are in winter when their twigs 
turn brassy yellow 



SECTIONAL DIAGRAM 

FIRST Syil^Jl^JEBIHJOySE 



SE€©I^JPSyili^JlMilBiHi©ySE 




Explanations, Sectional 



Diag-ram tJo. 



Common Name 



Botanical Name 



1. European linden. 

2. European silver linden. 



Broad-leaved European 
linden. 

Weigela. 

Tulip tree. 

Golden bell or Forsythia. 

Chinese Wistaria. (Pale 
blue flowers.) 

Weigela. (Deep 
son flowers.) 

Mock orange or 
syringa. 

Reeve's spiraea. 

Japan quince. 

Silver bell or snowdrop 
tree. 

Bridal wreath spiraea. 

Snowy hydrangea. 

Hop tree or shrubby tre- 
foil. 

Oleaster. 

American or white elm. 

Hall's Japan honey- 
suckle. 

Large-flowered syringa. 

American basswood. 

Lilac. (White flowers.) 

Judas tree or redbud. 

Japan pagoda tree. 

Kcelreuteria. 

American white ash. 

American or white elm. 

Sugar maple. 



Tilia Euro fee a. 

Tilia Enro[>a:a, var. argcntca 

(or alba). 
Tilia Enropcca, z'ar. plati- 

pliylla. 
Dicrvilla amabilis. 
Liriodendron tiilipifcra. 
Fo rsyth ia viridissima. 
J Visiaria Sinensis. 



crim- Diervilla floribunda. 
sweet Philadelp litis coronariu. 



Spircea Reevesiana. 
Cydonia Japonica. 
Halcsia tetraptcra. 

Spircea prunifolia. 
Hydrangea nivca. 
Ptelea trifolia'ta. 

Elceagnus angustifolia. 

Ulnius Americana. 

Louie era Japonica (or Hal- 

liana) . 
Philadelphus grandiflorus. 
Tilia Americana. 
Syringa vulgaris, var. alba. 
Cercis Canadensis. 
Sophora Japonica. 
Jva'lreu teria pa n iciila ta. 
Fraxinus Americana. 
Ulmus Americana. 
Acer saccharinum. 



LofC. 



102 



Common Name 

28. Bay or laurel-leaved wil- 

low. 

29. English elm. 

30. Osage orange. 

31. English elm. 
22. Lilac. 

;^;^. Yellow or golden willow. 

34. Common barberry. 

35. Red maple. 

36. Cucumber tree. 

37. Umbrella tree. 

38. Mountain-ash-leaved 

spiraea. 

39. American bass wood. 

40. American hornbeam. 

41. Purple barberry. 



42. Hemlock. 

43. Paper or canoe birch. 

44. Flowering dogwood. 

45. Norway spruce. 

46. Scotch elm. 

47. Cherry birch. 

48. Mugho pine. 

49. Scotch pine. 

50. Large-flowered syringa. 

51. Common elder. 

52. Bald cypress. 

53. Huckleberry. 

54. Mock orange or sweet 

syringa. 

55. Large-flowered syringa. 

56. Soulange's magnolia. 

57. Snowy hydrangea. 

58. European or tree alder. 

59. American white or gray 

birch. 

60. Bush Deutzia. (Variety 

Pride of Rochester.) 

61. Speckled or hoary alder. 

62. Nordmann's silver fir. 

63. Pitch pine. 



Botanical Name 

Salix pcntandra (or Lauri- 

folia). 
Ulmiis cainpcstris. 
Madura aiirantiaca. 
Ulmus campcstris. 
Syringa vulgaris. 
Salix alba, var. vitcllina. 
Berhcris vulgaris. 
Acer riihrum. 
Magnolia acuminata. 
Magnolia umbrella. 
Spircca sorbifolia. 

Tilia Americana. 
Carpinus Caroliniana. 
Bcrberis vulgaris, var. pur- 
purea. 
Tsuga Canadensis. 
Betula papyrifera. 
Cornus ilorida. 
Picea excelsa. 
Ulmus viontana. 
Betula lenta. 

Pinus montana, var. Mughus. 
Pinus sylvestris. 
PJiiladeipJius grandiiiorus. 
Sambiicus Canadensis. 
Taxodium distichum. 
Gaylussacia rcsinosa. 
Philadelphus coronarius. 

Philadelphns grandiiiorus. 
Magnolia Soulangeana. 
Hydrangea nivea. 
Ahius glutinosa. 
Betula populifolia. 

Deut::{a crenata, var. Pride of 

Rochester. 
Alnus incana. 
Abies Nordmanniana. 
Pinus rigida. 



VII. 

FIRST SUMMER HOUSE TO SECOND SUMMER HOUSE, 
LARGE LAKE. 

Just beyond the cozy little rustic bridge that spans 
the horse ford, a pretty summer house looks out 
upon the Large Lake. It is the first of a series of 
four and our walk in this chapter begins here and 
runs on to the next summer house by the lakeside. 

But before starting let us look at a few things in 
between the House and Ford Bridge. Just by the 
corner of the Bridge, near the water's edge, is Eu- 
ropean linden and next to it, by the Walk is a fine 
pAiropean silver linden. Then come another Eu- 
ropean linden and Forsythia viridissinia near the 
Summer House. Back of the Forsythia almost in a 
straight line toward the Lake are tulip tree and broad- 
leaved European linden. 

In the little island of shrubbery opposite the Sum- 
mer House, there are graceful silver bell or snow- 
drop trees, beautifully marked with yellowish streaks 
through their dusky bark and Japan quince almost 
at the point nearest Ford Bridge. About opposite 
the entrance of the Summer House, stands a fine 
mass of the bridal wreath spiraea and not far from 
it a beautiful clump of the rosy Weigcla. Further 
along the border of this island near its other end are 
great masses of the Forsythia viridissima, which you 



I04 



can know at once by their strong, clean lanceolate 
leaves. At the extreme end of this island of shrubbery 
there is a tangled mass of Hall's Japan honeysuckle, 
woven through and through, with morning glory 
charmingly offsetting the sweeping bank of large flow- 
ered syringa beside it. 

Having considered these few things in a preliminary 
way, let us now start from the First Summer House 
and take note of the things on the right of the Walk. 
Close beside the Shelter, the Dierrilla floribunda sets 
all its deep crimson horns of color blowing in early 
June and back of it, nearer the water, the sweet syringa, 
equally beautiful opens its white flowers in great pro- 
fusion. Beside the Diervilla or Wcigela, a Reeve's 
spiraea bends with its weight of bloom. Over by the 
water, knee deep in the tall and waving grass of lovely 
June days, the hop tree or shrubby trefoil stands 
fingering the breezes from the Lake with its unmistak- 
able three leaves. Just in front of this, close by the 
Walk, is a hydrangea which on account of the silvery 
or snowy underside of its leaf has been called nivca. 
It is a beautiful shrub and when the wind blows and 
turns it into a living flame of silver it is a joyous 
sight. It blooms about Jnly, and has white flowers 
in flat corymbs which are very beautiful against the 
dark green (upper side) of its heart-shaped leaves. 

Just beyond this point, there is a fine group of tulip 
trees which are glorious, either in June when they 
have set all their beautiful greenish yellow flowers to 
the sun or in autumn when they flutter tints of rich- 
est chrome yellow. 



105 



Back of the hop tree, by the border of the Lake, you 
will find another silver bell, and beyond the silver 
bell, oleaster with its willow-like habit of growth and 
gray-green silvery leaves. Beyond the oleaster is 
American elm. 

Coming to the Walk again and following on, you 
pass a fine American basswood a little beyond the last 
tulip by the Walk. You cannot mistake it, especially 
if it is in leaf, for its leaves are large, noticeably lop- 
sided heart-shaped. As the season advances, the 
American basswood shows distinct shades of yellow- 
green in its leaves and if you get to know this tint, you 
can tell the American basswood afar off. Notice how 
differently it puts out its branches from the habit 
of the European linden. A little further on, the Walk 
throws off to the left a short arm to cross the Drive. 
As it nears the Bridle Path and Drive, you pass some 
splendid European silver lindens, very easily known 
by their smooth bark and cordate leaves, white on the 
undersides. You can tell them also by their notice- 
ably sugar loaf form. Crossing the Bridle Path for 
a moment, in the south-west corner of the little space 
between it and the Drive, at the left, is Kcclreuferia. 
A lamp-post guards the south-east corner and 
back of it, by the border of the Drive you meet a fine 
Japan pagoda tree, then Judas tree with good-sized 
heart-shaped leaves, then Reeve's spiraea and a fine 
clump of lilac at the extreme north-easterly end of 
this island-like space. Directly opposite the lamp- 
post, on the right of the path is another Kcclreuferia, 
with a voung hop tree or shrubby trefoil beside it: 



io6 



Behind the trefoil stands another Kcolreiiteria and at 
the extreme south-westerly end of the space here stands 
a clump of lilac. This clump bears purple flowers. 

Now let us retrace our steps to the Walk again, 
and follow it on toward the Second Summer House. 
As you go along, you pass several American elms, an 
English elm and an American white ash. The Amer- 
ican elms you cannot mistake, with their vase-like 
habit of growth. The English elm is of oak-like look, 
short-trunked, stocky of build. The American ash 
you can distinguish by its compound leaf and by its 
lozenge-like bark. Almost directly opposite the ash 
stands one of its clansmen, tall and majestic, a glory 
of brilliant sun-fire playing over its bark on bright 
winter days. Not far from this ash, you meet a sugar 
maple, beautiful in autumn when its leaves begin to 
play with reds and golds and crimsons. Back 
of these two trees, close by the water's edge 
stand an American elm and a laurel leaved willow. 
The laurel leaved willow stands tip-toe on the little 
point or jut of land that makes a cove here. Walk 
up to it and see its beautiful shining dark green leaves. 
There are many of these willows in the Park and it 
is well to make their acquaintance early. Stand back 
a little and get the sunshine over their glossy leaves. 
Isn't that a flame of white fire ! Watch the breeze 
send them into shivers of flying glass. The leaf of 
this tree somewhat resembles that of the shining wil- 
low {SaJix lucida), but the leaf of the shining wil- 
low is much longer-taper-pointed. 

Coming back to the Walk again, beyond the sugar 



maple, you find on the right another good sized white 
ash and beyond it, not far from the point where the 
Walk forks, European linden. A good Osage orange 
stands near the Walk, just beyond the linden and about 
opposite the point where the Walk branches. The 
Osage orange is identified by the very distinct spines 
in the axils of its leaves. Look for them, for they are 
worth seeing. Some of the botanies speak of the 
flowers of the Osage orange as inconspicuous, but 
I saw this tree covered with blossoms one June day 
and a very pretty sight it was. The tree has in- 
teresting fruit, large and globular and of an orange- 
like look, whence its name. It is golden yellow when 
ripe. 

A little off to one side, from the Osage orange, about 
midway between it and the water is a clump of very 
peculiarly leaved shrubbery. If you don't know it and 
should come upon it in July, you would wonder what 
it was, with its rather spindle shaped heads of fuzzy 
white flowers. The heads make you think of meadow 
sweet and spiraeas. It is a spiraea and its leaves tell 
you that it is the mountain-ash-leaved spiraea. To 
me it is very beautiful and you will come across it in 
many parts of the Park. In July and August it is quite 
conspicuous, and it makes a brave sight on the days 
when most of the trees and shrubs are over with their 
blooming. You cannot mistake it and if you know 
the leaf of the mountain ash, you will see how well 
this spiraea deserves its name. 

Further on, by the water's edge, a willow thrusts 
up its grace and strength into the sunlight. It has 



io8 



beautiful leaves, long and lance shaped and softly sil- 
very gray-green on the undersides. Every breeze sends 
through it sudden drifts of light, very fair and beau- 
tiful to watch. But the glory of this willow is in the 
winter. Then its twigs turn a rich, brassy yellow 
which you can see afar off. It is the yellow or golden 
willow, really a variety of the white willow. How 
lovely is the dull brassy yellow which this tree lifts 
through the purple-brown maze of bare twigs in 
winter. It is pronounced, yet so subdued. Its very 
look is winter and goes with humming ice and bright 
sunshine, and clean, cold air, and sparkling snow; 
with creaking tree trunks and soft violet shadows over 
the snow; with that still, winter's cjuiet which is in- 
describable in words, but which is so full of a some- 
thing that stirs way down the innermost soul. 

Beyond the yellow willow, near the Walk a fine Vv^hite 
ash lifts up the blazonry of its diamond panelled bark, 
gloriously rough and rugged, full of vigor, life and 
hardiness. Sometimes I smite them with my fist, just 
to feel the firm tingle of their ridges. Off to the 
right again and near the water, you will meet a good 
clump of common barberry (Berberis vulgaris) which 
you will have no difficulty in identifying from its 
obovate-oblong leaves and abundance of small spines. 
Try to see barberry in September, when it is hung full 
of fruit. Its fruit (berries, of oblong shape) is very 
handsome then, rich cool crimson in color, glowing 
with autumn. 

Near the Walk again, we meet cucumber tree (Mag- 
nolia acinninafa) and if you look up in its branches 



I09 



and find its fruit, you will see the significance of its 
name. This fruit looks quite like a young cucumber, 
especially when green, but in early September, it cer- 
tainly loses its claim to the name, for then, it turns 
a cool magenta. The husk of the fruit breaks open 
in early fall and through the openings, seeds of the 
richest coral, push out and hang on fairy threads of 
silk in a most curious way. This is the fruiting habit 
of the magnolia, and it certainly is an odd one. About 
opposite the cucumber tree, on the other side of the 
Walk and a little back, you will find the umbrella 
tree (Magnolia iiinhrcUa) . If you are curious to know 
why this- tree is called "umbrella," stand under it, 
look up, and see the way its leaves hang from the 
ends of its branches. This will convince you that 
it has been well named. The leaves of the umbrella 
tree are much larger than those of the cucumber tree 
and, when fully growni, are from one to two feet long, 
while those of the cucumber are from five to ten inches 
only. The leaf of the cucumber tree is pointed at 
both ends (acuniuiata) and is thin and pale beneath. 
The two trees grow very differently, the cucumber 
tall and straight with rather regular outline, the um- 
l^rella sprawds like a catalpa or an apple tree. It is 
very easy to identify them and as they are here to- 
gether, it is well to study their differences. The cu- 
cumber tree bears small greenish yellow flowers about 
three inches wide in late spring or early summer, the 
umbrella tree, broad white flowers, from six to eight 
inches wide, in May, usually. In the autumn, the 



no 



former tree turns to a beautiful, soft, light fawn color, 
the latter to a subdued bronze. 

Beyond the cucumber tree, about midway toward the 
water's edge, you will find another Osage orange, and 
beyond this tree, a red maple leaning over the stream. 
Beyond the red maple is golden willow again, and 
to the left of this tree, by the Walk, another cucumber 
tree. Beyond this cucumber tree, close by the Walk, 
an American basswood boldly flings out its strong 
branches and large leaves in considerable contrast 
both in point of size and texture from those of the 
broad-leaved European linden beside it. Next beyond 
the linden comes American hornbeam, with its birch- 
like leaves, but with bark that is only hornbeam. No 
other tree can lay claim to its smooth, hard-finished 
bark so beautifully veined with threads of silver. Be- 
yond the hornbeam a mass of purple barberry spreads 
its beautiful color against the wealths of green nestled 
here. Diagonally opposite the barberry, on the other 
side of the Walk is European linden. 

The path we are following forks again here, one 
branch stealing around to the right to creep through 
the canopies of waving green out to Second Summer 
House, the left goes on to search the nooks about the 
end of this peninsula. As the path turns to the right 
you pass flowering dogwood ; two red maples ; another 
flowering dogwood : huckleberry ; sweet syringa, in a 
large clump just beyond an open stretch of Walk; be- 
side it a clump of large flowered syringa ; cucumber 
tree, a little ofifside to the right ; red maple : cucum- 
ber tree again, and, very near to the Summer House, 



Ill 



a good European or tree alder. On the point of shore 
to your right as you stand in the Summer House 
and face the Lake, are two laurel-leaved willows, tall 
and flinging off the sunlight from their leaves in 
showers of white fire at every breeze. In between 
them stands a white or gray birch. 

Along the little arm of the path from the clumps 
of syringa (back a short distance) you passed on your 
left as you came to the Summer House, Soulange's 
magnolia, about opposite the sweet syringa ; cucum- 
ber tree, opposite the red maple ; three bushes of the 
snowy hydrangea ; and, close beside the Summer 
House, to the left, two Norway spruces standing 
nearly side by side. Back of these is a tall bald cy- 
press. Compare the leaves of the Norway spruce with 
those of the bald cypress. Note the fine feathery two 
ranked flat leaves of the cypress as compared with 
the four sided, rigid, curved leaves of the spruce. 

Let us go back now to the Soulange's magnolia and 
follow the path along its course here to the west. On 
the left are two evergreens close together. The first 
is pitch pine, which you can identify by its persistent 
cones with sharp prickles on the scales and its leaves 
in bundles of three, stout and stiff. The second ever- 
green is Scotch pine. Diagonally across from the 
Scotch pine on the right of the Walk, is another 
Scotch pine, which casts its branches shelteringly over 
a handsome bush Deiitzia and a fine clump of large 
flowered syringa. These stand side by side near a 
short indentation of the Walk. On the further side of 
this indentation stands Norway spruce. Then the path 



112 



takes another turn to the right, out toward the water, 
and if you go along there you will find, on your right, 
common elder, about half way between the Norway 
spruce and the water, and clo'se beside the elder, bald 
cypress. At the extreme end of this little reach of 
path stands a golden willow leaning out over the 
water. 

If you come back now to the Norway spruce last 
mentioned, about due south-west of it across the Walk, 
stands Mugho pine. East of the Norway spruce, 
across the Walk, a Nordmann silver fir is fighting 
hard for its life. Its flat leaves, notched at the tip. and 
two white lines on their undersides tell you that is a 
Nordmann. Beyond the Nordmann, directly back of 
a little squarely cut bight of the Walk, on your left 
now, is another Mugho pine, and at the extreme left- 
hand corner of this bight you will find cherry birch. 

Let us now go back and pick up the thread of our 
ramble at the point where the Walk forked beside the 
dogwoods and huckleberry. We followed the right 
hand branch out to the Second Summer House. Let 
us now follow the left hand branch out to the end of 
the peninsula on your left. You pass red maple, 
Osage orange (near the water) and close by the Walk 
again, still at your left, beyond the Osage orange, a 
good specimen of the hoary or speckled alder (Aluus 
incana). Continuing, you pass American elm and. 
some distance beyond, near the end of the Walk here, 
hemlock, and at the very end of the Walk, north- 
easterly corner, paper or canoe birch. At the south- 
westerly corner stands flowering dogwood. To this 



113 



point, you have passed on your right, American ehii, 
opposite the red maple ; European Hnden, hemlock, 
ahout opposite the other hemlock on the left of the 
Walk, Scotch elm and beyond the elm, very near the 
spot where the Walk comes close to the water, is an- 
other Norway spruce. 



^fourth SECTIONAL DIAGRAM 

^Summer ,qq 

LARGE LAKE 




Seconal Summer House 



Explanations, 



Sectional Diagram No. 



Common Name 



Botanical Name 



1. English elm. 

2. Sugar maple. 

3. American white ash. 

4. European linden. 

5. Single-leaved European 

ash. 

6. European silver linden. 



10. 
II. 
12. 

13. 
14. 

15. 
16. 

I/- 
18. 
19. 



European weeping beech. 

Scotch elm. 

Ash-leaved maple or box 

elder. 
Black haw. 
Red osier. 
Red maple. 
Oleaster. 
Weeping European 

larch. 
Bald cypress. 
Californian privet. 
Tulip tree. 

European flowering ash. 
Aucuba-leaved ash. 



20. Ninebark. 

21. European hazel. 

22. Hop tree or shrubby tre- 

foil. 

23. Golden bell or Forsy- 

thia. 

24. Koelreuteria. 

25. European bird cherry. 

26. Single-leaved European 

ash. 



Uliniis cam pest ris. 

Acer sadcJiarimim. 

Fraxin us A mericana. 

Tilia Europcca. 

Fraximis excelsior, var. 

monophylla. 
Tilia Europcca, var. ar gen tea 

(or alba). 
Fagns sylvatica, var. pendula. 
Uliniis montana. 
Negnndo aceroides. 

Viburnum prunifolium. 
Corniis stolonifcra. 
Acer riibrum. 
Elceagnus angustifolia. 
Larix Europcca, var. pendula. 

Taxo dium distich u m. 
Ligustrum ovalifolium. 
Liriodendron tulip era. 
Fraximis ornus. 
Fraximis Americana, var. 

aucubccfolia. 
Physocarpus (or Spircca) op- 

iilifolia. 
Corylus avellana. 
P tele a trifoliata. 

Forsyth ia z'iridissima. 

Kcclreii fe ria pan ic ulata. 
Primus padus. 

Fraximis excelsior, var. 
monophylla. 



ii8 



Common Name 



Botanical Name 



21. 
28. 
29. 
30. 

31. 
32. 

34- 

35. 

36. 

38. 
39- 
40. 
41. 

42. 
43- 
44- 
45- 
46. 
47. 



49- 

50. 
51. 

52. 
53- 



Weigela. 

Judas tree or redbiid. 

European or tree alder. 

Bush Deutzia. (White 
single flowers.) 

Northern prickly ash or 
toothache tree. 

Large-flowered syringa. 

American or white elm. 

Washington thorn. 

Hackberry or sugar- 
berry. 

Oleaster. 

Fragrant honeysuckle. 

Japan quince. 

Common barberry. 

Silver maple. 

Indian bean or Southern 
catalpa. 

False indigo. 

English hawthorn. 

Arrowwood. 

European spindle tree. 

Siberian red osier. 

Bur or mossy cup oak. 

Weigela. (Deep crim- 
son flowers.) 

Snowball. 

Weigela. 

Bush Deutzia (Pride of 
Rochester). 

Cornelian cherry. 

Sycamore maple. 



Diervilla amahilis. 
Cercis Canadensis. 
Alnus glutinosa. 
Deutzia crcnata. 

Xanthoxylum Americanum. 

PhiladelpJius grandHiorns. 
Uhniis Americana. 
Cratccgus cor data. 
Celtis occidentalis. 

Elceagniis angustifolia. 
Loniccra fragrantissima. 
Cydonia Japonica. 
Berbcris vulgaris. 
Acer dasycarpum. 
Catalpa bignonioidcs. 

Amorpha fructicosa. 
Crataegus oxyacantha. 
Viburnmn dentatum. 
Euonymus Europccus. 
Corniis alba, var. Siberica. 
Quercus niacrocarpa. 
Diervilla Horibunda. 

Viburnum opulis, var. sterilis. 

Dierinlla amabilis. 

Deutzia crenata, var. Pride of 

Rochester. 
Corniis macsula. 
Acer pseudoplatanus. 



VIII. 
SECOND TO FOURTH SUMMER HOUSE, LARGE LAKE. 

This ramble begins at the third fork of the Walk 
to the west of the rustic (Ford) bridge, not far from 
Second Summer House, Large Lake. We commence 
with the left hand branch of the fork and follow the 
path almost due west. On the left of the path, as we 
start in, are well grown English elms, stocky, hardy, 
oak-like in growth. Speaking of English elms, in this 
vicinity the whole stretch of the Walk running along 
the south side of Promenade Drive is lined with them. 

But to come back to our path. As we ramble on, 
we pass maples, mostly sugar maples, on the right and 
on the left. The fifth tree, on the left, is one of those 
peculiar single-leaved ash trees, {Fraxinus excelsior, 
var. monophylla). Opposite the single-leaved ash 
stands European linden. Then come two Scotch elms 
on the left, with sugar maples opposite them, and, be- 
yond the second Scotch elm, ash-leaved maple. 

As the Walk meets the Bridle Path here, almost at 
the point of junction, stands a black haw (Vibuniiiiii 
pnmifol'miii) with another one just a little east of it. 
They are small trees, a little higher than your head 
and have oval leaves, obtuse or slightly pointed. They 
bloom in late May or early June, with profuse white 
flat topped clusters of flowers and their fruit, black or 



I20 



blue-black berries (sweet), ripens in September. The 
Walk has an open space here, as you go on, with the 
Bridle Path close on its left. About the middle of 
its right hand bank stands a fine ?.sh-leaved maple. A 
little back of this tree and to the east, close down on 
the water's edge is one of the handsomest weeping 
beeches in the Park. Back of the weeping beech on 
the borders of the little cove here, are European silver 
linden and weeping European silver linden. 

Coming back to the Walk again and proceeding 
westward we find on the left of the Walk, almost on 
the point where the greensward begins to form a bank 
at the junction of the Walk and Bridle Path, a fine 
mass of Californian privet, which, in June, i= covered 
with white flowers. Then comes a little cluster of 
European flowering ashes, {Fraxinus orjius). You 
may know them easih' by their short trunks and gray, 
brittle-looking branches. There are a number of them 
here, and if you pass them in late May or early June 
you will see them all fluffed over with profuse green- 
ish-white fringe-like flowers, borne in clusters on the 
ends of the branches. But do not mistake the furthest 
one of these low branching trees for one of the Euro- 
pean flowering ashes. That tree, which stands about 
opposite the arm of the Walk which runs out to the 
Summer House here, is an ash-leaved maple, or box 
elder. You can know it at once by its dark greenish 
bark and, if in foliage, by its pinnate leaves, of from 
three to five leaflets. On the right you have passed to 
this point bald cypress, about opposite the mass of Cal- 
ifornian privet, Forsyfhia z'iridissiiiia, another bald cy- 



121 



press, and just as the Walk bends off an arm to the 
little Summer House that holds open windows over 
the Large Lake, a fine tulip tree rattles luxuriant 
leaves in the waving summer breezes or holds flam- 
boyant torches of straw colored seed cones against the 
blue of winter skies. This cozy little Summer House, 
the third on the way around the Large Lake, as you 
go westward from Ford Bridge, is beautifully hung 
in summer with the bloom (purple) of the Wistaria. 

As the Walk leaves the Summer House and slips 
along beside the waters of the Lake, it passes a clump 
of European hazel, which it is worth while to come to 
see in early spring. Then its little catkins lengthen 
into hanging lace of softest golden yellow, with faint 
tinges of red. Do not miss it. It is a fairy sight and 
you can see it in early ]\Iarch when the crow blackbirds 
begin to wheeze over the leafless trees. This hazel 
clump stands about midway between the Summer 
House and the main Walk, on the water side of the 
Walk. 

Now we come back again to our main Walk and fol- 
low it westward again. On the right we pass For- 
syfhia, hop tree, Kcclrenteria, two European bird 
cherries, nearly side by side, and as the path bends 
northward to follow the dent of the cove here, we 
meet great masses of Wcigela, which in June will blow 
rosy horns and fill the air with fragrance. Then come 
Judas tree, Weigela, bush Dcutzia, with white single 
flowers, Californian privet, large flowered syringa, and 
bush Dentzia again, bringing us to another junction of 
the Walk. Back of the flrst clump of Dcutzia crcnata, 



122 



you will find the Northern toothache tree, with odd- 
pinnate alternate leaves of from five to nine leaflets. 
On the left we have passed Fraxiuus Americana, var. 
auciibacfolia aucuba-leaved ash, with odd looking, 
gold blotched leaves ; European flowering ash ; Kccl- 
rcuteria; European flowering ash; Koclrcuteria again 
and European ash again. Then comes a little open 
space and we begin again with privet (American elm 
behind it), Weigcla and Washington hawthorn, about 
opposite the point of the junction. This junction runs 
ofif from the Walk to the right to thread its way 
through the leafy arcades of little peninsulas. 

As we walk along, just beyond the point of junc- 
tion, well grown Washington thorns hang over the 
Walk on the right. You may know them in foliage 
by their rather triangular leaves. They are late in 
reddening their berries, but they hold them tenaciously 
and these show beautiful ruddy patches of color 
through the bare winter trees. Beyond, at a bend of 
the Walk, stands a goodly hackberry. Opposite the 
hackberry, on the left of the \\''alk, are clumps of 
Japan quince. Note their thorns. They are beauti- 
ful sights in April. Then they fairly flame crimson 
with their scarlet flowers, golden hearted at the core, 
and fill all the paths with beautiful outbursts of color. 
Beyond, on the right, are tulip trees and close down 
by the Lake, leaning over it, the Elaeagnus bends its 
willow-looking trunk, bristling with whip-like 
branches. The Elaeagnus is a ragged, tattered-looking 
sort of a tree in winter, with its shredded bark, and 
bunchino', close clustering; shoots, but see it in sum- 



123 

mer, when the breeze is playing with its Hving silver, 
sending swift flames of light through its soft gray- 
green, or smell it when it unbosoms its spicy fragrance 
to the July or early August heat. Vou can scarcely 
believe that so pungent a perfume can come from the 
little yellow flowers you see on this willow-looking 
tree. If you pass it during the early days of Septem- 
ber, look carefully amid its leaves for its very beauti- 
ful silver-gray berries. They are about half an inch 
long and quarter of an inch wide. 

The path makes a bend here, and as you swing with 
it you pass, on the left, great bushes of barberry (Bcr- 
beris znilgaris), which in late May deck themselves 
with hanging clusters of golden flowers. In the au- 
tumn how beautiful are their cool crimson berries and 
frosty red-purple leaf tints ! Walk here in September 
just to see them. Close down by the water is Auiorpha 
frucficosa, and a little further west along the stream- 
side, you will find arrowwood with its beautifully cut 
leaves. By the Walk, on the right, are more Wash- 
ington thorns and on the little jut of land that noses 
out into the Lake, just beyond, are hackberry and Eu- 
ropean linden. You can tell the European linden in 
winter by its dusky branches and reddish end twigs. 
The silver lindens have light granite-gray bark and 
branches. On the left, about opposite the westerly 
Washington thorn, is a good sized clump of Siberian 
red osier with white flowers in flat heads in early 
summer, which develop into white berries. This bush 
has brilliant glossy crimson twigs in winter. A little 
south-west of it rises the spire-like form of a handsome 



124 



bald cypress (Taxodiuni distichiuii), disficlnuii be- 
cause the leaves spread in two ranks. If you wish to 
see a sight of great beauty, watch the bald cypresses 
dress their branches in the early spring, covering them 
with fine feathery leaves of tenderest green. Here 
comes another open stretch of Walk with the water 
of the Large Lake close to the path. In a corner of 
the little bay the Amorpha fructicosa is met again, 
holding up its conspicuous tell-tale fingers, full of 
seeds, to the eye of the winter rambler. Across the 
short stretch of open, you meet rearing up, dark 
barked and grizzly, the strong, rugged overcup or 
mossy cup oak. If you chance here in autumn, you 
will have no difficulty in finding under this tree its 
identifying acorns, great hairy-looking things all 
frouzled over with fringe which literally on many 
acorns almost covers the nut. Against the winter's 
sky the tree cuts a clear, bold outline for all its twist- 
ing branches. Its end branches are noticeably corky 
and somewhat quadrangular. Closer to the Walk are 
clumps of Weigela with rose-colored flowers in June ; 
common snowball, with great white globes of bloom in 
May; syringa with white four-petaled fragrant flowers 
in June. Further along, still on the right of the Walk, 
is red osier or spreading cornel, Cornus stolonifera, 
easily known by its striated branches and, in autumn, 
by its lead colored or blue-black berries, silver lindens, 
Tilia Europcoa, var. argentea and Tilia Eitropcoa, var. 
argentea pcndula, Weigela, Forsyfhia viridissima, Cor- 
nelian cherry (Cornus masctila) and Judas tree. Here 
the Walk reaches out another arm to the ric:ht feel- 



125 



ii!g for the third westerly Summer House on the bor- 
ders of the Large Lake. 

Up to this point, you have passed on the left, Euro- 
pean linden (about opposite the snowball), two beau- 
tiful little English hawthorns (about opposite the sil- 
ver lindens), Norway maple (opposite the Forsythia), 
European linden (diagonally opposite the Cornelian 
cherrv), Scotch elm (UIiuus Montana), about oppo- 
site the spot where the Walk sends out its arm to 
the Summer House. A little further on the Walk 
forks again, a short branch leading to the left close 
to the Bridle Path, the other drawing you along 
through mazy tangles of interlacing shrubs and over- 
arching boughs, beside still waters which sleep amid 
nooky peninsulas and floating islands that lull the 
spirit into peace and melt the city away through the 
mists of their leafy scenes. This is one of the most 
beautiful parts of the Park and is so loved by birds 
that you cannot wander here in the leafy months 
without getting sight of many a wing flash. There 
were a pair of yellow billed cuckoos I watched one 
summer at home in their nest near here, and many a 
time have I seen the scarlet flash of the red-winged 
blackbird skimming these silent waters or watched the 
king bird spread his white belted tail from the rustling 
tops of some of these lakeside bushes. xA.t every turn 
the landscape artist has made for the rambler here 
vistas of marvelous beauty. Walk here in autumn 
when the stripping winds have bared the trees but 
to build leaf bridges over these quiet coves or come 
later when the frost first kisses them and prisons the 
floating leaves jn glass. 



SECTIONAL DIAGRAM 

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14 



Explanations, Sectional Diagram No. 9 



Common Name 



Botanical Name 



1. European white birch. 

2. EngHsh cork bark ehn. 



Willow-leaved European 
flowering ash. 

Shady hydrangea. 

Cucumber tree. 

Honey locust. 

Silver maple. 

Weeping European 
larch. 

European silver linden. 

European ash. 

English hawthorn. (Red 
flowers.) 

Black or pear hawthorn. 

European or tree alder. 

Labjrnum. golden chain, 
or bean trefoil tree. 

K(Delreuteria. 

False indigo. 

Fringe tree. 

Hercules's club, Devil's 
walking stick, or An- 
gelica tree. 

Smoke tree. 

Ninebark. 



19. 
20. 

21. 
22. 
23- 

24. 



Black or pear hawthorn. 

Fragrant honeysuckle. 

Cut-leaved weeping Eu- 
ropean white birch. 

Shadbush, June berry, or 
service berry. 

European flowering ash. 



Betula alba. 

Ulmus campcsfris, var. sub- 

crosa. 
Fraxinus onins, var. salici- 

folia. 
Hydrangea arborcscens. 
Magnolia acuminata. 
Glcditschia triacanthos. 
Acer dasycarpuni. 
Larix Europaa, var. pendula. 

Tilia Enropcca, var. argentea. 
Fraxin ns excelsior. 
Cratcugus oxyacantha. 

Cratccgus tomentosa. 
Alntts glutinosa. 
Laburnum vulgare. 

Kalrenteria paniculata. 
Auiorpha fructicosa. 
Ch iona n th us Virginica. 
Aralia spinosa. 



Rhus cot inns. 

Physocarpus (or Spir^a) op- 

ulifolia. 
Cratccgus tomentosa. 
Lonicem fragran tissima. 
Betula alba, var. pendula 

laciniata. 
Amelanchier Canadensis. 

Fraxinus or mis. 



130 



Common Name 

26. Ash-leaved maple or box 

elder. 

27. Weeping European sil- 

ver linden. 

28. English hawthorn. 

29. Golden bell or Forsythia. 

30. Yellow-wood. 

31. Siberian pea tree. 

32. Ginkgo tree. 

S3. Japan stachyurus. 

34. Round-leaved or vine 

maple. 

35. Sycamore maple. 

36. Norway maple. 

37. False indigo. 

38. Japan maple. 

39. Japan pagoda tree. 

40. Camperdown elm. 

4T. New American willow. 

42. European purple beech. 

(Leaves very dark 
crimson-purple.) 

43. Austrian pine. 

44. Californian privet. 

45. Kentucky coffee tree. 

46. Koel renter ia. 

47. Bayberry or wax myrtle. 

48. Arrowwood. 

49. Weeping European 

beech. 

50. Golden barked Babylon- 

ian or weeping willow. 

51. Pin oak or swamp Span- 

ish oak. 

52. Black oak. 

53. Umbrella tree. 

54. Soulange's magnolia. 

55. Weeping bald cypress. 

56. Ailanthus or tree of 

Heaven. 
57- Japan snowball. 



Botanical Name 

Negundo aceroides. 

Tilia Enropcea, var. argentca 

(or alba). 
Cratccgus oxyacantha. 
Fo rsy th ia viridissima. 
Cladrastis tinctoiia. 
Caragana arhoresccns. 
Salishuria adiantifoHa. 
Stachyurus prcecox. 
Acer ciicinatum. 

Acer pseudoplataniis. 

Acer plafanoides. 

Amorpha fructicosa. 

Acer polymorphum. 

Sophora Japonica. 

Ulmus montana, var. Cam- 
pcrdoivnii pendula. 

Salix purpurea, var. pendula. 

Fagus sylvatica, var. atro pur- 
purea. 

Finus Austriaca. 
Ligusfrum ovalifolium. 
Gymnoeladus Canadensis. 
Koclreuteria paniculata. 
Myrica cerifera. 
Viburnum dentatum. 
Fagus sylvatica, var. pendula. 

Salix Babylonica, var. ramu- 

lis aureis. 
Quercus palustris. 

Quercus coccinea, var. tinc- 

toria. 
Magnolia umbi-\ella. 
Magnolia Soulangeana. 
Taxodium distichum, var. 

pendulum. 
Ailanthus glandulosus. 

Vihnrnnm plica turn. 



131 



Common Namf 
;8. Aticuba-leaved ash. 



59- 



60. 
61. 

62. 
63. 

64. 
65. 

66. 
67. 
68. 



70. 



71- 
72. 
73- 
74- 
75- 
76. 
77- 
78. 
79. 

80. 

81. 
82. 
83. 
84. 

85. 
86. 



Josika lilac or chionan- 
thus (fringe tree) 
leaved lilac. Purple 
flowers). 

Dwarf mountain sumac. 

European mountain-ash 
or Rowan tree. 

Purple leaved Norway 
maple. 

Maple of Northern 
China. 

Black cherry. 

Pyramid oak. 

Common locust. 

European spindle tree. 

French tamarisk. 

Bay or laurel-leaved wil- 
low. 

Common elder and false 
indigo. (Intermin- 
gled). 

Lombardy poplar. 

Reeve's spiraea. 

Common buckthorn. 

American or white elm. 

Scotch elm. 

European white birch. 

Willow oak. 

American basswood. 

Ring-leaved or curled- 
leaved willow. 

Salmon barked willow. 

Dwarf Japan catalpa. 
White mulberry. 
Scarlet fruited thorn. 
Scentless mock orange or 

syringa. 
Black haw. 
Oval-leayed variety of 

the cockspur thorn, 



Botanical Name 

Fraxinus Americana, var. 

ancubcc folia. 
Syringa losikcca. 



Rhus copallina. 
Pyrus aucuparia. 

Acer platanoidcs, var. Gene- 
va. 
Acer truncatum. 

Primus serofina. 

Querciis rohur, var. fasti- 

giata. 
Robinia psetidacacia. 
Euonynms Europccus. 
Tamarix Gallica. 
Salix pentandra (or Lauri- 

folia). 
Sanibucus Canadensis and 

Amorplia fructicosa. 

Populus dilafata. 

Spircua Reevcsiana. 

Rhamnus cathartica. 

Uhnus Americana. 

Uhiius montana. 

Betula alba. 

Quercns phellos. 

Tilia Americana. 

Salix Babylonica, var. annu- 
laris. 

Salix alba, var. vitellina Brit- 
aensis. 

Catalpa Bungei. 

Morns alba. 

Cratcegus coccinea. 

Philadelphtis inodorus. 

J^iburnum prunifoliuni. 
Cratccgus crus-galli. var, 
ovalifolia, 



132 



Common Name 

87. Bush Deiitzia. 

88. Standish's honej^siickle. 

89. Japan quince. 

90. English hawthorn (Pink 

flowers). 

91. European linden. 

92. Small leaved European 

linden. 

93. Tartarian honeysuckle. 

(Pure white fragrant 
flowers.) 

94. Dwarf mountain sumac. 

95. Mountain maple. 

96. Bur of mossy cup oak. 

97. Paper mulberry. 

98. Japan silver fir. 

99. Smooth alder. 
100. English oak. 

loi. Alternate-leaved dog- 
wood. 

102. Cedar of Lebanon. 

103. Bladder senna. 

104. Sweet viburnum or 

sheepberry. 

105. Hybrid variety of 

tender leaved haw- 
thorn. 

106. Umbel-flowered oleaster. 

107. Weir's cut-leaved silver 

maple. 



Botanical Name 

Dcuizia crcnata. 
Loniccra Standishii. 
Cydonia Japonica. 
Craficgus oxyacantJia. 

Tilia Eiiropcca. 

Tilia Europcca, vav. parvi- 

foVia. 
Lonicera Tartarica. var. alba. 



Rhus copallina. 
Acer s pica til in. 
Que reus maeruearpa. 
Broiissonetia papyrifera. 
Abies iirma. 
Aliitts serriilata. 
Ouereiis robiir. 
Cornns alternifoUa. 

Cedrus Libani. 
Coin tea arborescens. 
J^iburnum lentago. 



the Var. Cratccgus tenuifolia. 



Ekcagmis umbellata. 
Aeer dasycarpum, I'ar. JVeirii 
laeiniatuin. 



IX. 

FOURTH SUMMER HOUSE TO BREEZE HILL. 

On the extreme south-westerly peninsula of the 
Large Lake stands the fourth little Summer House or 
rustic shelter. It is charmingly set, half hidden by 
winding ways along whose wanderings the summer 
leaves whisper delightfully to every breeze that steals 
in from the Lake. From its ever open windows you 
can see the noble ridge of Lookout Hill and the sil- 
vering sheet of the Lake dancing to fresh breezes or 
perhaps stilled to a half-slumbrous dream, with quiet 
shadows glassed about the coves or just rippling 
enough to float across to your eye the dazzling flash 
of sparkling sun stars shot from the edges of tiny 
waves. Far over on the large Peninsula the weeping 
willows drape their vails of green, the miniature 
yachts careen and bend and sway, weaving and inter- 
weaving mysterious courses and all about you, as you 
sit here with your book, the birds call, the insects 
sing and the breeze sends dancing shadows of leaves 
to and fro over the floor and over the rustic beams 
of the shelter. 

But let us start on our ramble. At the left of 
the Fourth Summer House, as we take the path, 
stands a pretty young European white birch, and be- 
yond it a sturdy English cork-bark elm which in early 



134 

spring is covered along its corky-ridgecl branches, 
with closely bunched clusters of purplish flowers. Very 
near the end of the right hand branch of the Walk, 
tall and conspicuously set on the edge of the peninsula's 
shore, a beautiful cucumber tree lifts up its rather py- 
ramidal form. I have often admired the tree, whether in 
autumn when it turns a beautiful light fawn color or 
in the dead of winter when it flings out the bravery 
of its light-gray branches, trimmed wnth the warm 
furry buds that proclaim the magnolia family, or in 
late May or early June wdien it sets its yellowish green 
flowers of six petals through the shades of its pointed 
leaves. If you get its autumn hues across the sleep- 
ing waters here, you wall not soon forget the sight. 

In the angle of the fork of the Walk, stands a 
willow-leaved variety of the European flowering ash, 
with long willow-like compound leaves and squat 
trunk of brittle gray. Just across the Walk from it, 
on the left of the path are some noble European sil- 
ver lindens, easily known by their smooth satin-gray 
bark, and cordate leaves, dark green above and sil- 
very white beneath. 

Very close to the water near the spot where the 
cove comes up to spread its silver near the Walk, 
stands a tall, straight-limbed tree with compound leaves 
and bark that says "ash" very strongly. In it, I sup- 
pose you have recognized a fine type of the Fra. villus 
excelsior or European ash, for such it is. See how 
closely the leaflets set to the leaf stem, and if you have 
nothing better to do when you are rambling in the 
Park in early spring, watch for the bloom of this 



135 

tree. It throws down several convenient branches, and 
if you want to get a good, close view of its flow- 
ers, you will find it given most generally by this tree. 
It fairly spouts flowers. Look for them along in 
late April. 

A step or so onward and our path takes a turn 
to the right, follows the lake shore and, skirting the 
southern side of Lookout Hill, runs around the large 
Peninsula, over Terrace Bridge to Breeze Hill. 

As we swing around to the right and walk under 
the leafy canopies of dancing leaves, and watch the 
shifting fantasia of light and shade in the play of 
the brilliant sunshine, we find a beautiful English 
hawthorn standing on the left of the Walk about 
half way along the border of a little island of shrub- 
bery which has come to rest in the inter-twinings of 
this admirably wrought landscape gardening. You 
know it at once by its deeply cut leaf and fine thorns. 
But have you seen it bloom. If not come to it in 
May, and look upon the loveliness of its rich red 
flowers. It makes a fairy picture then. Right across 
from it. due south, on the border of the Walk, is a 
hawthorn of very diflferent leaf. This is the black 
or pear hawthorn, and its leaves are tough and leath- 
ery when fully grown, oval or ovate-oblong. They 
have a characteristic feature, especially noticeable, i. e., 
of having the upper sides of the leaves impressed 
along the larger ribs or veins. The fruit of this haw- 
thorn is about half an inch long, obovate or globose, 
and when ripe, dull red. On the seeds you will find 
furrows on the outer sides. 



136 



The path runs on, following the lake border, lead- 
ing through leafy bowers, with ever changing vistas 
of water and islands that have come to anchor here, 
making witching nooks, and quiet, dreaming bays, over 
which the enamoured trees lean and caress with droop- 
ing branches. As you pass along, if it be in June, 
you will find the lovely Laburnum, letting down chains 
of golden bloom, which show very conspicuously 
amid its light green leaves. But if it is not in flower, 
you can know it by its alternate palmate leaves of 
three leaflets. Its leaf is very beautiful, soft and 
tender, and of a lovely shade of green. Its flowers 
develop into pods about two inches long which are 
ripe in autumn. Yoii will find this laburnum easi- 
ly, on the right of the Walk, a little further than half 
way to where the Walk next meets the water. On 
the left of the Walk, about opposite it, is a tall tree 
alder, which you know at once by its black alder 
"cones," all over its branches and its roundish ovate; 
leaf cut in at the top. 

Where the Walk next comes close to the water's 
edge stand Koolrciiteria, on the right, and false in- 
digo on the left, as you face the water. Back of 
the false indigo is a fine fringe tree with wide-reach- 
ing branches and a splendid outburst of white fringe- 
like bloom in June. Turning again and passing on, at 
the next meeting of Walk and water, you will find 
quite a large clump of the Hercules's Club or Devil's 
Walking Stick. Just beyond it is another pear or 
black hawthorn and across the Walk from it, on your 
left as you face toward Lookout Hill, stands smoke 



137 

tree. Close by the Walk, on the left, just beyond 
the smoke tree are many fine bushes of the Physo- 
carpiis or ninebark, and beyond these, near the Drive 
crossing, large spreading bushes of the fragrant hon- 
eysuckle. 

In the corner of the open space of Walk here, as 
you go on, at your right, a well grown shadbush hangs 
its small, finely serrated leaves over the waters, and 
on the rounded turn of the Walk, still on the right, 
you will find the cut-leaved variety of the weeping 
European white birch. See how beautifully its leaves 
are incised. A little further on is ash-leaved maple 
and then weeping European silver linden and Eu- 
ropean silver linden side by side. Not many steps 
onward and you meet another English hawthorn, which 
in May covers itself with the loveliest of pink .double 
flowers. 

■ Again the path comes down close to the Lake, and 
at the corner of the bank, where the sward narrows 
handsome clumps of the sturdy Forsythia hold up 
the shining lances of their beautiful leaves. In early 
spring they are among the first to set their golden 
bells a-chiming and they are rich sights if you get 
them reflected in the stream. Right back of this open 
space of walk, on the grass, between the Walk and the 
Drive, are several" young yellow-woods. 

As you go on, interesting studies of things botanical 
come thick and fast, now, all along the line of march, 
and we would feign linger over them at length, but 
space does not permit. I can only give you the hint, 
the filling out of which you must do yourself. On 



138 

the right, close by the water's edge, stands a large 
bush with several strong branches rising and spread- 
ing out over the Walk and the water, its smaller 
branches set with alternate, pinnate leaves, of four 
to six pairs of oval-oblong pointed leaflets. In it 
you have no doubt already recognized the Siberian 
pea tree, for such it is. A little while ago it was 
of beautiful form, but it has been sadly broken. 

On the left of the Walk, opposite the Siberian pea 
tree are some ginkgo trees which you can easily iden- 
tify by their fan-shaped leaves and branches, which 
seem to lean out from the main trunk at angles of 
forty-five degrees. The ginkgo tree has also a dis- 
tinguishing light gray bark. If you know the maiden 
hair fern, you must see at once why this tree is called 
adianfifoHa, the genus name of the maiden hair be- 
ing Adiantniu. In the first frost of autumn, the gink- 
go tree does not change its foliage all at 
once, but little by little, with soft, yellow tints 
which deepen gradually inward from the margin of 
the leaves. The effect is that of ruffle on ruffle, like 
lace, all through the tree. Its name ginkgo is de- 
rived from the Japanese ginko or ginkgo, Chinese 
yin-hing, meaning silver apricot. If you have ever 
seen its fruit after it has been thoroughly dried, you 
know how well this name applies. There is one gink- 
go tree in the Park, which bears fruit every year and if 
you wish to see it, you will find it on the left of 
Endale Arch, as you go from the Long Meadow 
to Plaza Entrance. The fruit looks not unlike a 
light yellow plum, but it has anything but a plum-like 



139 



smell. Indeed, its smell is something to keep far 
away from. 

In between the ginkgo trees and to the left of 
them, you will find several bushes of the beautiful 
Japan Stachyiinis. This bush takes its name from 
the Greek stachys, a spike and oiira, a tail, referring 
to the form of its catkins. In the late days of March 
or early April, you may chance to be passing here 
and if you do, you must not overlook these bushes, 
for then they are hung full of beautiful bell-like flow- 
ers, drooping with great grace, in long axillary racemes 
or spikes. Days before the flowers break open, you will 
perhaps have noticed the long, conspicuous flower buds 
hanging thickly from the axils of its leaves. 

Passing along, by the border of the Walk, on the 
left, very near to a silver maple and a sycamore ma- 
ple, stands a well grown tree with plump trunk, rather 
light grayish-brown bark, and leaves so beautifully 
cut you love to stop and linger under their soft, light 
green, to admire their fineness. These leaves are 
round and deeply cut into long, slender pointed lobes. 
You probably recognize by them the Acer circinatmiv 
or round-leaved maple. 

A little further on, with short trunk, and harsh, 
knobby, knotty, heavily ridged branches, you come 
upon another cork-bark elm, and about opposite to 
it, by the water's edge are large clumps of the false 
indigo. Along the Walk a short stretch, and you 
find a handsome Japan maple, on the left, and just 
across the Walk from It, Japan pagoda tree or Sophora 
Japonica. Then come more ginkgo trees and at a 



14^ 

point about opposite the end of the green "island" 
by the Drive, you pass, on your left, quite a cluster 
of sophoras. These trees' leaves may make you 
think of the locust. They belong to the same {Le gum- 
mosa' or pulse) family, flowering in great panicles of 
cream white in late July or early August and the 
flowers develop into long chain-like pods of glossy 
dark green. 

Down by the water's edge, about opposite the group 
of sophoras just spoken of, you will find Camper- 
down elm, a fine European purple beech, with leaves 
of a deep dark crimson-purple, and further on, a small 
graceful tree of umbrella-like form, with a fine rain 
of slender branches decked with small, narrow, light 
gray green leaves. This tree is the New American 
Willow, a weeping variety of the purple willow, 
grafted on the stock of the goat willow. Its effect is 
full of exquisite grace. Following the bend of the 
shore, you meet, a little beyond, a goodly cluster of 
Austrian pines, all doing well and all showing ofif 
very handsomely the thick, heavy dark green foliage 
which is their glory. 

If you come back to the Walk now, on your left, 
and a few feet beyond the point opposite the cluster 
of Austrian pines just spoken of you pass a well set 
group of Koclreiitcria, and at the very pohit where 
the greensward narrows down to meet the Drive at 
crossing, stands a fine young Kentucky cofifee tree 
which you readily recognize by its scaly bark and 
leaves twice pinnately compound. Across the Drive 
here, at the extreme point made by the fork of its two 



141 



branches (one leading to Sixteenth Street Entrance 
and the other turning to the right to go around the 
Large Lake and so on to Terrace Bridge) stands, 
I beheve, the most perfect type of Austrian pine in 
the Park. It is nobly set and rolls out its girth 
against the sky in all the glory of its strength. You 
cannot mistake it, for it is the only tree on the little 
point of greensward between the Walk and the two 
Drives. At the right hand corner of the Walk back 
of this handsome Austrian pine, close by the Drive' 
stands a rich clump of Californian privet, very lusty 
and glossy in the full sunshine of a fair day. 

But we will keep on along the path that wanders 
by the side of the Lake. As you pass along, when 
you have come to a point about opposite a spot half- 
way between the clump of Californian privet above 
spoken of, and a lamp-post on the Drive, down at your 
right, between you and the water, but nearer the 
Walk than the water, you will find a shrub with lance- 
oblong leaves. If yoij rub them with your fingers 
and then smell of your fingers, you will be surprised to 
find what a fragrance you have drawn from the leaves. 
It is an aroma once known you will never forget. 
The leaves are mostly entire, that is with margins 
not serrated or cut, and, as the season advances, 
grow glossy on the upper sides. Clustered in a no- 
ticeable way along its branches, you wall find the berry 
which has given this shrub its name — bayberry or 
wax myrtle. The berries show quite plainly, clus- 
tered close together in little bunches. They are not 



142 

very large, smaller than small peas, and are thickly 
crusted over with greenish-white wax. 

Just beyond the bushes of wax myrtle you will 
find some elegant clumps of the arrowwood or Vibnr- 
nil in dentatnin which you at once recognize by their 
saw-cut leaves. Another Californian privet stands a few 
feet from the arrowwood, closer to the Walk, looking 
very elegant with its dark green, lance-elliptic leaves 
and stiffish outshooting branches. This privet turns 
in the autumn, a rich indigo-bronze. The Californian 
privet is quite different from the so-called common 
privet, (Ligusfntui vulgarc). The latter has a much 
smaller leaf, not so elliptic in shape, and of a bluish 
or bottle green color. You will find specimens of 
both kinds side by side, further on, very near the 
fork of the Walk, beyond the Artesian Well. But 
that is getting ahead of our story. As you stand 
beside the Californian privet just spoken of, look 
across, at your left, to the noble fountain-fall of 
leafspray dropped and suddenly held by some enchant- 
ment in mid-air which that magnificent weeping Eu- 
ropean beech holds for you over on the slopes of 
Lookout Hill. Is it not a beauty ! Watch it when 
the breeze stirs it into rippling light. Silver flows 
down its glossy leaves in spangling flashes and if you 
come near to it, your ear will be refreshed with the 
cool whispering of its leafy music. 

The Walk bends gracefully here to the right and 
sweeps around the base of Lookout Hill toward the 
Peninsula. Not far from the spot marked "culvert" 
on the sectional diacrram, vou will find a golden 



143 

barked variety of the Babylonian or weeping willow. 
In winter its twigs turn a rich, strong yellow, and 
its falling rain of trailing branches makes it like a 
golden vail. 

Across the Drive, a little diagonally opposite the 
culvert stands a lamp-post, a little to the west of 
which are more clumps of Californian privet, and to 
the east of it, set off at about equal distances from 
each other, you will find handsome young growths 
of the Magnolia Soulaugeana. One of the trees in 
the clump here, the second, by the Drive, beyond the 
lamp-post, is an umbrella tree which you recognize 
by its large leaves hanging in true umbrella-like form 
at the ends of its branches. 

Beyond the umbrella-tree, on the right of the Walk, 
you pass a lusty young weeping bald cypress. Ex- 
amine its rather chain-like growth of leaves and see 
how different they are from the flat leaf sprays of 
the bald cypress itself. The characteristic look of 
the weeping bald cypress is plume-like. Its branches 
appearing to arch gently outwards. Both trees have 
their own expressions and each i3 equally fine in its 
way. In some of the botanies, you will find the weep- 
ing bald cypress referred to as Glyptostrohus Sinen- 
sis, var. pcnduhis (weeping Chinese cypress). You 
can always tell it by its close, rather chain-like growth 
of leaves. 

As you follow the lake side, not far from the Arte- 
sian Well, you will find a couple of young weeping 
European white birches drooping slender vails of beau- 
tifully cut leaves. The bark of these trees is red- 



144 

dish white against the steel-bhie of the Lake, Over 
by the Artesian Well is a magnificent display of lilacs 
of over eighty different varieties. A little north-west 
of the lamp-post, which stands by the Drive, west 
of the Artesian Well, a good specimen of the ailanthus 
has taken firm stand. 

Beyond the Artesian Well, the Walk branches into 
two forks. One, the left hand, follows on by the side 
of the Drive, and crosses Terrace Bridge to Breeze 
Hill. The other slopes gently down to the right and 
searches the most delightful arcades of greenery, the 
lovely nooks of the Peninsula.. If you love light and 
the shine of things green, the breath of dew and the 
song of birds, come here in June, early in the morn- 
ing, when the gold of the sunlight is illuminating 
all the paths with an ever changing dance of sunbeams ; 
when the grasses are all bending with the silver of 
the dew and sparkling diamond drops from their arch- 
ing tips. The robins run over the new mown lawn, 
stop a bit to stare at you and then run on. The golden 
bee is already abroad brushing the moist lips of fra- 
grant flowers and the quiet air is broken by the splash 
of leaping fish in the Lake, feeding along the dream- 
ing coves. 

We take the right hand fork and go down to the 
Peninsula. In its fork is Japan snowball, with easily 
distinguishable folded or plicated leaf, generally round 
but often longer than broad. Just as you have started 
to follow the path over the lovely green stretches of 
the Peninsula, you pass, on your left, a sweet viburnum 
which vou can know at once bv its very finely ser- 



145 

rated leaves. The Walk goes on to another fork and 
just before you come to that branch, there are some 
interesting things off to your right. If you have 
learned to know the yellow-wood in your park ram- 
bles, with its smooth, light gray bark and compound 
leaves of rather roundish leaflets, you will find three 
of them here almost in a line with each other, parallel 
with the Walk. Clustered close together just back 
of the central of the three yellow-woods, you will 
find some very interesting bushes with leaves which 
make you think of dogwood. But they are not dog- 
woods by any means. • Look along the branchlets 
for the thorns you should find terminating them. 
These will give you the clue to their identification. 
They are good specimens of the common buckthorn, 
healthy and doing well. Look at their ovate leaves 
closely and you will see that they are finely serrate. 
The flowers of these shrubs are very small, greenish, 
four parted, scarcely noticeable, in clusters in the 
axils of the leaves, and they develop into small, black 
berries, which are ripe in September. 

Near the Miniature Yacht Club House, a little to 
the left of it, you will find not far from an American 
elm, a young willow oak. You can easily identify 
it by its narrow-lanceolate leaves, which have their 
margins entire or nearly so. They look very willow- 
like, especially when young. Then they are scurfy 
and light green, but they soon grow smooth. 

In the center of the Peninsula the Walk forks; into 
a double set of branches, forming a kind of oblique 
cross. One of these forks wanders bv several devious 



146 

ways, down to the very end of the Peninsula. Let 
us go down with it. As you proceed, you pass Cali- 
fornian privet, on your left, and at the point of the 
fork, on your right, Scotch elm and American bass- 
wood. On the point of this island of shrubbery that 
now meets you on your left is a good clump of dwarf 
Japan catalpas. Following down the right hand path- 
way embracing this island of shrubbery set in the 
encircling walk, you will find white mulberry, easily 
known by its glossy three shapes of leaves, and a 
fine scarlet fruited thorn. Another little island of 
shrubbery meets us as we go on, and we take the 
left branch of the Walk. Then we pass, on our right, 
beginning at the end of this island, ginkgo tree, known 
easily by its fan-shaped leaves, fringe tree, more gink- 
go trees, yellow-wood, small leaved European linden, 
and Japan pagoda tree at the far or eastern end of 
this ^'island." On your left hand you have passed up to 
this point, English hawthorn, which bears beautiful 
pink flowers in May, Japan quince on the westerly 
point of another island of shrubbery set in here, then 
two fine yellow-woods with smooth gray bark, then 
gingko tree again and Standish's honeysuckle on the 
easterly end of this ''island," just opposite the Japan 
pagoda tree on the easterly end of the other "island." 
We are through the "islands," so gracefully set in 
the paths here, and the Walk loiters on in easy wind- 
ings to the extreme end of the Peninsula. If you 
go on with it, you find two pretty black haws a little 
further along, standing about opposite each other, 
and beyond these, on your right, as you go easterly, 



147 



you will find a very beautifully leaved hawthorn stand- 
ing modestly by the bend of the path as it makes its 
last turn, which is to the right. This is a hybrid of the 
Crataegus tc mi folia. Beyond it is Calif ornian privet, 
and, at the very end of the Walk, a beautiful hawthorn 
with dark oval glossy green shining leaves and large 
thorns. This is the oval leaved variety of the cock- 
spur thorn and in its way it is a little beauty. 

Let us turn around now and go back, but instead of 
quite retracing our steps, follow the right hand border 
of the path until it meets the Walk which comes from 
under Terrace Bridge. About opposite the Japan 
pagoda trees, which we passed on the way down, you 
will see a good bush Dcutzia. Beyond the Dcutrjia is 
Koclrcutcria. Right out across from these, if you care 
to push through the grass to the water's edge, you will 
find two specimens of the umbel-flowered oleas- 
ter {Elccagniis uinhcllata). You cannot miss them. 
Their leaves are elliptic or oblong ovate, crisped about 
the margins and silvery white on the undersides, often 
marked with a few brown scales. Having taken a de- 
tour to see these, we go on, following the right hand 
border of the Walk. 

Near the spot where the Walk comes down close to 
the water, there are some interesting things to pause 
over for a few moments at least. If you stop at the 
middle of the open stretch of path, and face the water, 
due north, you will have upon your right two beautiful 
English hawthorns, one of them bearing light reddish 
or pink flowers in May. On your left, very close to the 
water are some salmon barked varieties of the white 



148 



willow. You see that they have the leaf of the variety 
vitcUina (the golden willow), but their barks are very 
different from that of vitcUina, as you will see if you 
come to them in the winter. As winter approaches 
these trees change their barks first to brassy gold, then 
to pink and then to crimson-pink. Next, to the left 
of the salmon-barked willows, standing a little back 
from the Walk is a very peculiar looking sapling, with 
leaves curiously curled and twisted into ring-like 
wreathings. This is the curled-leaved or ring-leaved 
willow, and it is a variety of the weeping willow. 

If you turn to the west now and follow the path's 
right hand border, it will lead you around the shore 
of a little arm of the Lake nestled here. When you 
come to a point where it (the Walk) makes its last 
junction before meeting the path from under Terrace 
Bridge, you will find three fine clumps of the Reeve's 
spiraea. Back of them stands a golden barked weeping 
willow. Side by side, on the point that juts from the 
shore just back of the willow are two fine specimens of 
the Lombardy poplar. 

Continuing along the path, which has turned from a 
westerly to a northerly direction, you pass golden 
barked weeping willow, common elder, false indigo. 
Then comes an open stretch and laurel-leaved willow, 
glossy and shining; false indigo again, mixed in with 
Cor mis stolonifcra; and then French tamarisk. Just 
beyond the last fork of the Walk you should notice the 
fine cluster of European spindle trees which stand 
grouped together in cozy gatherings on the right of 
the Walk. They make a fine showing in the frosty 
days of early autumn with their brilliant crimson fruits, 



149 



the husks of which curl back and show the orange 
tinted seeds. 

Now we turn at the last fork, sharply to the left and 
go up the Walk that climbs the hill to meet the Walk 
beside the Drive which passes over Terrace Bridge. 
Just as this path joins the drive walk, there is a very 
beautiful cluster of European mountain-ashes. Just 
before you come to these, notice on your right, the 
handsome little maple standing near one of them. You 
will find it easily by its leaves which are chiefly five 
lobed with the lobes acuminate. The leaves have a 
rather truncate base. It is one of the rarest maples 
in cultivation and is the Acer tnincatnin or maple of 
Northern China. 

As you meet the drive walk, turn to your right and 
follow it over Terrace Bridge. Notice on your right 
as you go along the handsome dark-purple-leaved va- 
riety ''Geneva," of the Norway maple. Don't mis- 
take this for the Schwedler's maple. You will find ex- 
cellent specimens of the Schwedler's maple as you 
enter the Park from Ocean Avenue. They stand on the 
Walk in front of the right hand path as you enter the 
Park. The Schwedler's leaf is larger and turns green- 
ish as the season advances. Further along the drive 
path, you pass black cherry and as you come near Ter- 
race Bridge, a small oak tree of noticeably pyramidal 
form. It is the pyramid oak and its leaves tell you 
that it is a variety of the English oak. Beside the pyra- 
mid oak, nearer the Bridge, you find common locust. 

Across the Bridge, just back of the lamp-post which 
stands as a beacon by the pathside, the rich glossy 



I50 



stem-winged leaves of the dwarf mountain sumac de- 
tain your eye. How lovely they are in autumn when 
the frost sets them glowing in rich cool crimsons. The 
staghorn and the smooth sumacs turn a bright brilliant 
scarlet crimson, but the copalUna, smoulders with a less 
intense flame and holds its fire longer. Down the hill- 
side a little, at your right you will find not far from the 
winding Walk that creeps out from under the Bridge 
and loiters easily along the lake border of Breeze Hill, 
a pretty young mountain maple, with leaves of three 
(sometimes five, but rarely) coarsely serrate lobes and 
base slightly cordate. The lobes are taper pointed. 
If you are passing this shrub in June, look for its deli- 
cate spikes or panicles of greenish yellow flowers. 
Below the mountain maple, close by the Walk, you 
will find tiger's tail spruce (Picca polita) with leaves 
stiff enough to identify it easily. Coming back to 
the Walk beside the Drive, in the fork of 
the Walk just beyond the lamp-post, stands a bush 
of the white flowered variety of the Tartarian honey- 
suckle and if you follow on to the Old Fashioned 
Flower Garden which crowns the summit of Breeze 
Hill you pass, about half way there, a little off from 
the Walk, at your right, a lusty young specimen of the 
Japan silver fir. It is about four or five feet high, 
with strong stiff branches and leaves of marked indi- 
viduality. You cannot mistake them. They are about 
one inch long and grow very closely two-ranked with 
a noticeable twist at the base where they join the 
branch. Moreover they are distinctly notched at the 
ends, are smooth dark green on the upper sides and 
rather silvery beneath. 



151 

A kind of mushroom shaped shelter has taken up 
its abode near the westerly end of the Old Fashioned 
Flower Garden and about opposite it are several noble 
Kentucky coffee trees, glorying in scaly bark and 
sweeping foliage. Reside the more easterly of this 
group you will find an interesting shrub, bladder 
senna. You can know it by its compound leaves, made 
up of from seven to eleven oval and somewhat trun- 
cate leaflets. In summer it hangs full of yellow flowers 
which change into peculiar bladder-like pods. 

Go back a little now to the spot where you found 
the white Tartarian honeysuckle and follow the right 
hand fork of the Walk which goes down the mid-slope 
of the hill. Not far from the junction of the Walk, a 
stalwart old mossy-cup or bur oak, hangs over your 
head, from the right of the Walk, large leaves with 
characteristic deep sinuses about opposite each other 
near the middle of the leaf, plainly speaking ''macro- 
carpa." If you have never seen the acorns of this oak 
make haste to find one and see how it frouzles all over 
the nut, with a twisted fringe that in many cases quite 
covers the acorn. This feature has given it the name 
overcup oak and well does it merit it. 

Directly down the slope of the hill from the bur oak 
on the path below the one you now stand on, near 
a point where the Walk comes close to the water, you 
will find, if you take a run down there, some very well 
grown young paper mulberry trees. The paper mul- 
berry has a very characteristic bark and when you get 
to know it, you can pick it out quite a little distance 
away. Its bark is a light pinkish gray and at intervals 



152 

along its stem it is marked with darker tinges of 
gray, which give you the idea of bands put around the 
trunk. But if the bark fails to fix it for you, look at 
the ovate or heart-shaped leaves, which are lobed va- 
riously, like the usual mulberry leaves, mitten form, 
with the thumb on either side or perhaps both thumbs 
on the same mitten. The leaves are very rough on 
the uppersides but soft and downy on the undersides. 
The flowers of this tree are not very striking. They 
occur in inconspicuous greenish catkins in the spring. 
On old trees the leaves are scarcely lobed at all. 

Push on from the paper mulberries a little and strike 
off from the path to the lake border. At a point there, 
about opposite the Japan silver fir, on the upper Walk 
of the hill, you will be delighted to see a good speci- 
men of the smooth alder. Its little black "cones" hang- 
ing all through it tell you it is "alder" and its thick, 
finely serrate, smooth leaves, green on both sides, tell 
you it is the Alniis serriilata. The leaf is obovate in 
shape, acute at the base, but its margin is very finely 
serrate. 

Go up the hill again now to the middle path and 
see if you can find the alternate-leaved dogwood which 
stands near the Walk a little way along. You will 
know it first of all by its alternate leaves. But its 
bark, quite different from that of the flowering dog- 
wood, is ashy gray. Its leaves are noticeably taper 
pointed. If you are passing near here in late May, 
you may see its flowers, in large white flat cymes. 
These change into bright blue berries on reddish stalks. 



153 

This dogwood stands about opposite a fine English oak 
on the other side of the Walk. 

A little south-west of the alternate-leaved dogwood 
you will see a pine tree that looks something like an 
Austrian pine, but you can tell at once that it is of 
finer, more elegant appearance. Its leaves are longer 
and much more slender than those of the Austrian 
pine. If you will examine these leaves with your 
hand-glass you will see that they are concave on the 
undersides and convex on the outer. The pine is 
Japan pine (Piuns dcnsiflora), and its long, slender 
leaves give its branches a sweeping, rich look quite 
different from the stiff bunching appearance of the 
Austrian. 

Just beyond the English oak, opposite the alternate- 
leaved dogwood, spoken of above, stands an exceed- 
ingly interesting tree which will be the last we consider 
in this ramble. It is a young Cedar of Lebanon and it 
is flourishing in true form. You will know it at once 
by its fine feathery look. If you examine its foliage 
closely, you will see that its needles are rather rigid, 
of a deep green color and gathered together in pretty 
rosette-like fascicles or bundles along the branches. 
The leaves look larch-like, but they are evergreen 
while larches are deciduous. Notice also the straight 
out horizontal reach of the whorled branches and the 
little upward tilting of the terminal branches. ^It is 
a beautiful young tree and it is to be hoped that it will 
do as nobly as its kinsman Cedrus^ the Cedrus Atlantica 
over on the north-eastern slope of Lookout Hill. 



Explanations, Sectional Diagram No. lo 



Common Name 

1. Josika or fringe-tree- 

leaved lilac. 

2. Bush Deutzia. 

3. Camperdown elm. 

4. Tree box or boxwood. 

5. Bhotan pine. 

6. Polish juniper. 



Hemlock. 

Gregory's Norway 
spruce. 

Large-flowered syringa. 

Silver maple. 

Japan quince. 

White-stamened syringa. 

Rhododendrons. (Vari- 
ous kinds.) 

Mountain laurel. 

Common elder. 

Fly honeysuckle. 

Japan mahonia or ash- 
berry. 

Mugho pine. 

European or English 
yew. 

Rhododendron. (Rosy 
lilac colored flowers.) 

Red maple. 

Common sweet pepper 
bush. 

English field maple. 

Sugar maple. 

Tree box or boxwood. 



9- 
10. 
II. 
12. 
13. 

14. 
15. 
16. 

17- 

18. 
19. 



21. 
22. 

23. 
24. 

25. 



Botanical Name 

Syringa Josikcca. 

Deutaia crcnata. 

Ulmns monfana, var. Cam- 

perdownii pendula. 
Buxus scmpcrvincns. 
Pinus excelsa. 
Juniperus communis, var. 

Cracoz'ia. 
Tsuga Canadensis. 
Picca excelsa, var. Gregory- 

iaua. 
Ph ila delp hus grandiflorus. 
Acer dasycarpiim. 
Cydonia Japonica. 
Philadelphus nivalis. 



Kalmia la ti folia. 
Sambucus Canadensis. 
Lonicera xylosteum. 
Mahonia Japonica. 

Pinus montana, var. Mughiis. 
Taxus baccata. 

Rhododendron, var. everes- 

tianiim. 
Acer rnbrum. 
Clethra alni folia. 

Acer campcstre. 
Acer saccharinnm. 
Buxus seiupcrvirens. 



158 



26. 

27- 



29. 

30. 
31- 
32. 
33. 



34- 

35- 
36. 

yi- 

38. 
39. 
40. 

41. 
42. 

43- 
44. 
45- 
46. 

47. 
48 
49. 
50. 
51- 
52. 
53- 

54. 

55- 
56. 

57 

58. 



Common Name 

White pine. 

Japan yew. 

Golden bell or For- 

sythia. 
Weigela. 
Austrian pine. 
Bald cypress. 
Yellow or golden willow. 
Japan ground cypress or 

Japan arbor vitre 

(Plume-leaved). 
American bladder nut. 
Five-leaved akebia. 
English elm. 
Wistaria. (White 

flowers.) 
Spicebush. 
Slender Deutzia. 
Japan Wistaria. (Dark 

purple flowers.) 
Oriental spruce. 
Hackberry or sugar- 
berry. 
European larch. 
Copper beech. 
Van Houtte's spiraea. 
Common elder. 
Cephalonian silver fir. 
Tree celandine. 
Fringe tree. 
Black cherry. 
Grecian silk vine. 
Red osier. 

Cut-leaved European 

elder. 
American holly. 
Mountain laurel. 

Andromeda. (Axillary 
flowers.) 
, Small mockernut hick- 
ory. 

Swcel buckeye. 



Botanical Name 

Pinns sfrobus. 
Taxits adpressa. 
Forsythia viridissima. 

Diervilla amahilis. 
Pinus Austriaca. 
Taxodium distichiim. 
Salix alba, var. vitellina. 
Chamo'cypavis (or Rctinos- 

pora) pisifcm. var. pliiiii- 

osa. 
Staphylca trifolia. 
Akebia quinata. 
Ulmiis campestris. 
Wistaria Sinensis, var. alba. 

Benzoin benzoin. 
Deutzia gracilis. 
JJlstaria multijuga. 

Picea orientalis. 
Celtis occidentalis. 

Larix Europcea. 
Fagus sylvafiea, var. cuprea. 
Spircea Van Houttei. 
Sambueus Canadensis. 
Abies Cephaloniea. 
Boceonia cordata. 
Chionanthus Virginiea. 
Prumis serotina. 
Periploca Grcrca. 
Cormis stolonifera. 
Sambueus nigra, var. lacin- 

iata. 
Ilex opaca. 
Kalniia latifolia. 
Andromeda axillaris. 

Carya microearpa. 

Aesculus flava. 



159 



Common N"ame 



Botanical Name 



59. Red-flowering horse- 

chestnut. 

60. Sweet bay or swamp 

magnoHa. 

61. Umbrella tree. 

62. American white ash. 

63. Cucumber tree. 

64. American hornbeam. 

65. Ninebark. 

66. Common locust. 

67. Purple beech. 

68. Tulip tree. 

69. Honey locust. 

70. European spindle tree. 

71. White poplar or abelc 

tree. 

72. Reeve's spiraea. 
'J2)- Black haw. 

74. Shadbush. June berry or 

service berry. 

75. Flowering dogwood, 

76. Bush cranberry. 
']']. Huckleberry. 

78. Royal white willow. 

79. Arrowwood. 

80. Bay or laurel-leaved wil- 

low. 

81. Blue willow. 

82. Intermediate-leaved For- 

sythia. 

83. Weir's cut-leaved silver 

maple. 

84. Red oak. 

85. Lilac. (White flowers.) 

86. Lilac. (Purple flowers.) 

87. Osage orange. 

88. Hop hornbeam or iron- 

wood. 

89. Wayfaring tree. 

90. English hawthorn. 



Acsculus liippocastMiuui, var. 

riihicunda. 
Magnolia glaiica. 

Magnolia itmhvcUa. 
Fraxinus Americana. 
Magnolia acuminata. 
Carpinus Caroliniana. 
Physocarpus (or Spircca) 

opulifolia. 
Robinia psciidacacia. 
Fagns syhatica, var. atropur- 

purca. 
Liriodcndron tulipifcra. 
Gledifsch ia triacan th os. 
Euonynius Euro perns. 
Populus alba. 

Spircca Rccvcsiana. 

1 ^iburnuni prunifoliuni. 

Amclanchicr Canadensis. 

Coriius florida. 
Viburnum opulis. 
Gaylussacia rcsinosa. 
Salix alba, var. re gal is. 
Viburnum dentatum. 
Salix pentandra (or laurifo- 

lia). 
Salix alba, var. cccnilea. 
Fo rsyth ia in term edia. 

Acer dasycarpum. var. IVeirii 

laciniatum. 
Quercus rubra. 
Syringa vulgaris, var. alba. 
Syringa vulgaris. 
Madura aurantiaca. 
Osfrya Virginica. 

Jlburnum rugosum (or Vi- 

burntim lantana). 
Cratccgiis oxyacanfha. 



i6o 



Common Name 



Botanical Name 



91. 

92. 

93- 
94. 

95. 
96. 

97- 



99. 
100. 

lOI. 

102. 
103. 

104. 
105. 
106. 



107. 
108. 



109. 



Norway spruce. 

Common elder. 

European or tree alder. 

Bay or laurel-leaved wil- 
low. 

European hornbeam. 

Tree box or boxwood. 

Striped maple or moose- 
wood. 

European hazel, 

English elm. 

European hornbeam. 

American or white elm. 

Red mulberry. 

Fern-leaved beech. 

European silver fir. 
American larch. 
Weeping European sil- 
ver linden. 
European larch. 
American chestnut. 



Babylonian or weeping 
willow, 
no. Large-racemed dwarf 
horsechestnut. 

111. Dwarf Japan catalpa. 

112. European flowering ash. 

113. Purple willow. 

114. Big shellbark or kingnut 

hickory. 

115. Purple willow. 



Picca cxcelsa. 

Sambiiciis Canadensis. 

Alnns glutinosa. 

Salix pentandra (or laiiri- 

folia ) . 
Carpiniis hetulus. 
Buxus sempcrvircns. 
Acer Pennsylvanicum. 

Corylus avellana. 

Uhniis campestris. 

Carpiniis betiihis. 

Ulmtts Americana. 

Moms rubra. 

Fagus sylvatica, var. hetero- 
phylla' 

Abies peetinata. 

Larix Americana. 

Tilia Europcea, var. ar gen tea 
(or alba) pendula. 

Larix Eiiropcca. 

Castanea sativa, var. Ameri- 
cana. 

Salix Babylonica. 

Pavia macrostachya. 

Catalpa Biingei. 
Fraxinus ornus. 
Salix purpurea. 
Carya sulcata. 

Salix purpurea. 



X. 

AROUND LULLWATER. 

One of the loveliest rambles in the Park 
lies through those winding vistas of trees and water 
which the architect has wrought into *'Lullwater." 
It is well named, for the water seems hushed to sleep in 
cozy coves and inlets. It is so shut off and retired that 
it has a charm of seclusion all its own. Here in the 
early morning the gold fish swirl and leap as they 
feed and break the dreaming waters with quick 
splashes. Here the sunshine pours down and puts 
a glory of quivering and illumined green be- 
fore your eyes. In ihe Arbor here you can 
pass enchanted hours, watching the sweep of the 
kingbird or listening to the soft knocking call 
of the yellow-billed cuckoo. The boats glide 
by, reflecting, in dancing vines of light and shade along 
their polished sides, the tremble of the sunbeams on the 
waters. The robins send down querulous calls from 
the living green about you, and the soft cottony clouds 
float over the tree tops, in the purest of white. The 
breeze comes at times touching the waters with feet 
of silver and sets all the leaves on fire with a flame 
of white light which sweeps through them in swift 
showers like sudden rain. Come here when you 
will, it is always beautiful ; be it in spring when 
the new greens are hanging their illumined beauties 



1 62 



to the sun, or in summer, when the leaves are rustling 
to warm breezes, or in autumn, when the crimsons 
and golds paint the frost stilled waters, or in win- 
ter, when the white fingered snow tucks in the fallen 
leaves and smooths over all its silence and purity. 

In this ramble through Lullwater we start at the 
Arch, Cleft Ridge Span, leading from the Flower Gar- 
den and, turning to the left, follow the path along the 
banks of the stream to Terrace Bridge ; cross the 
Bridge and return through Lullwater by the path on 
the other side of the stream, passing over Lullwood 
Bridge and so back to Cleft Ridge Span. 

On passing through the Arch there are a few things 
to note on our right hand and then we will follow the 
Walk which leads off at the left and wanders along 
the eastern side of Lullwater. 

Well up on the bank, on the right is a fine high, 
bush which in June, is hung full of beautiful bell-like 
flowers of the purest white. By a careless observer, it 
might be taken, out of bloom, for a syringa, but it is 
quite different as you see by looking closely at its 
leaf. It is Dcutzia crenata and you will find many 
handsome clumps of it all over the Park. Just back 
of this bush, you will find another very interesting 
shrub. As you look at it you are at once struck with 
the remarkable resemblance of its leaves to those of 
the fringe tree {Chionanthus). Indeed, this resem- 
blance has given it one of its familiar names, ''fringe- 
tree-leaved lilac." If you have any doubts about its 
being a lilac, stand before it some June day and you 
will see it throwing up liandsome panicles of white 



i63 



flowers that at once say "lilac" to your discriminat- 
ing eye. It is the Syriiiga Josikcca or the Josika lilac 
and gets its botanical name from the Baroness von 
Josika who discovered its parent stock in Hungary. It 
is certainly very handsome and there are many bushes 
of it in the Park. Some of them bear deep purple 
flowers, much deeper in hue than those of our com- 
mon lilac. Do not confuse Syringa, the generic term 
of lilac, with Syrifiga which is botanically known by 
the name Philadclphiis. 

Of course, you at once recognize the very hand- 
some Camperdown elm at the turn of the Walk as it 
bends to go over to the Boat House. You no doubt 
have already learned the look . of its leaf, rough 
dark green, broad across the top and ending in beau- 
tiful points which shoot out conspicuously from its 
heavy serrations. The umbrella-like form of this tree 
is enough to mark it, but learn to know its leaf. No- 
tice, too, its kinship of leaf with the Scotch elm. 

Now let us go back a little and begin at the left 
of the Arch. High up on the bank, there is another 
Camperdown elm and close beside it a well grown Bho- 
tan pine. It is easy to know the Bhotan by its tassel- 
like foliage. Close down by the Walk is box or box- 
wood {Buxus sempervircns). In early spring look foi 
its interesting little flowers in sessile bracted clusters 
closely set in the axils of the thick, entire, opposite, 
evergreen leaves. Beyond the box, is Polish juniper, 
differing from common juniper in its thick bunchy 
cluster-like leaf growth and shorter, stiflfer needles. 
That it is juniper, you easily know by examining its 



164 

leaves which grow in whorls of three and are silvery 
glaucous on the upper sides. The stem of this shrub 
looks not unlike that of the red cedar, dark reddish 
brown, with its bark in strips and shreds. Beyond the 
Polish juniper is common hemlock and beyond the 
hemlock, close to the Walk, like a hemisphere of cush- 
ioned evergreen is a beautiful bunch of dwarf Nor- 
way spruce, of the variety Gregoryana, (Picca ex- 
cclsa, var. Gregoryana). You cannot mistake it. Its 
form alone identifies it. Stoop down and look at its 
close, compact foliage. It is a beauty. Just as the Walk- 
bends to the left here, you will find a fine bush of 
the Philadclphns grandiHorus and quite a clump of 
it on the opposite corner of the Walk. In June it is 
filled full of fragrant white petaled and yellow 
stamened flowers. Just behind the middle of the 
clump on the right hand corner of the Walk, you will 
find a variety with white stamens. This is Philadelphus 
nivalis and the efifect of its bloom is indeed ''snowy." 
A little further along on the left and ex- 
tending back up the slope of Breeze Hill, a 
little, is a fine cluster of rhododendrons of 
various kinds. Those breaking out white trusses 
of bloom are Rhododendron album elegans and, with 
very large white truss, R. album grandiHonim; cherry 
red, Charles Bagley; rose lilac, Everest ianum; dark 
crimson, Joh)i JVaterer. The great bay, Rhododen- 
dron maximum, carries large bunches of pink and 
white blossoms in late June and early July. It is 
broad-leaved. Close to the Walk, mixed in with 
rhododendrons is a clump of mountain laurel (Kalmia 



i65 

latifolia) which you may know from the rhododendrons 
by its much smaller lance-ovate leaves, green on both 
sides. . The leaves of the rhododendrons are much 
longer and more oblong-lance shaped, not unlike the 
look of the magnolia-leaf. Of course if you meet 
them in bloom it is very easy to distinguish them, for 
the Kalniia has umbel-like clusters of small saucer 
shaped flowers while the rhododendron has a large bell- 
shaped funnel-form corolla, entirely different. The 
laurel has a queer way of concealing its stamen-heads or 
anthers in little pockets in the corolla and when the 
visiting insect touches these they fly out on elastic 
filaments and bombard it with pollen. The rhododen- 
dron has long stamens (five to ten in number), very 
conspicuously set from the corolla and often curved to 
the lower side. 

Beyond the clump of rhododendrons is a good bush 
of elder, and beside the elder, broad, spiny, Mahonia 
Japonica, of the barberry family. The latter has pin- 
nate light green leaves and clustered racemes of yel- 
low flowers in the early spring. The leaves brown in 
winter. About opposite the elder and Mahonia, on 
the other side of the Walk is a clump (four bushes) 
of syringa {Philadclphus grandiflorus) and just beside 
the last bush of syringa is fly honeysuckle, (Loiiicera 
.xylosteiim). You know it at once by its soft, very 
downy (when young) leaves, rather heart shaped and 
hairy on the edge. It bears yellow flowers in May, 
with nearly equal lobes and a very unequal sided 
base, which gives the flower a two-lipped appearance. 
The flowers develop into beautiful red berries. 



1 66 



On the right of the Walk again, we come to two 
Mugho pines which you will have no trouble in know- 
ing from their dwarf prostrate forms of growth. . Some 
adverse fate seems to have befallen the Mugho pine, 
for it looks as if it had been beaten down upon the 
head so continuously that it abandoned long ago any 
idea it may have had of being a tree and decided to 
stay a humble, rambling bush. I like its tough form 
and its close tenacious grip, for somehow, as I pass it, 
I seem to see the Alp winds beating and buffeting its 
close dense head, whistling through its needles, but 
never rooting it from its eagle-like claw upon the 
soil. Each shrub and tree brings with it its heredity 
even in the Park, and he who carries an imagination 
with him in his Park walks, will travel through many 
countries, passing from clime to clime. This is one 
of the things which makes a Park stroll so interesting. 
The Bhotan pines whisper of the Himalayas, the Cau- 
casian walnut of Russia and the trans-Ural district, 
the Austrian pines of the Alps and the Tyrol, hosts 
of things of China and Japan. Many lands are 
compressed into the few hundred acres which make 
the city park, and they are there for whomsoever will 
come to see them. Just consider for a moment what 
this means, what you have within reach of a trolley 
car. Truly a park is a wonderful place and if you 
love to know the garnitures of God's earth in their 
myriad forms walk here and see some of the beautiful 
growths of lands so distant as to seem almost dream- 
like. 

Beyond the Mugho pines is a goodly English yew 



167 

and next to It a well grown rhododendron of the variety 
Evcrestianiim. About opposite the yew is another 
fringe-tree-leaved lilac (Syriiiga Josikcra^ and 
about opposite the Evercstianuni, red maple and close 
by the water, a clump of the sweet pepper bush 
(Clethra alnifolia). The CIcthra you know by its leaf 
alone, serrate along its upper part and entire along 
its lower part. As you remember it bears long white 
fingers of bloom in July. Beyond the Clethra nearer 
to the Walk are two well grown English field maples 
(Acer cainpestrc), known at once by the square-cut 
lobes of their leaves. 

On the left of the Walk again, opposite the two 
English maples you find Malwnia Japonlca again and' 
then four well-grown boxwood trees with their close- 
set lifeful-looking leaves. See them in winter with 
the crystalline sunshine of the morning silvering them 
over with a dazzling brilliance and you will not be 
sorry you came. Many a winter's ramble have I had 
through here with the box all glorified in the down- 
pour of the sun's splendor, w^ith the snow breaking 
away from the boughs of the neighboring evergreens 
in gentle little pufTs of white, with that wondrous 
mysterious living silence of winter filling the air, 
broken only save by the muttered rumbling of the ice 
or the whispering of wind-driven snow. 

Beside the last of the box clumps here, we meet a 
very interesting shrub. Notice its leaves, see how 
closely squeezed they are. This is the so-called Japan 
yew, but as Gray says, probably but a variety of the 
English yew. Its botanical name is Ta.viis adprcssa, 



i68 



or in other words, yew, with closely appressed leaves. 
See how well it has been named. How different its 
thick short blunt leaves are from the sharply pointed 
leaves of the English yew. You can pick it out by its 
close-set leaf spray for a certainty. If you happen to 
pass it in early autumn you may chance to see its 
beautiful red-pink seed cups hanging brightly all 
through its dark green, like little bells. In the center 
of the cup is the seed, black brown. This cup is the 
sign of the yew family. There are many choice 
things in this section of the Park and this is one of 
them. There is another fine clump of it further along 
beyond the Arbor. 

Beyond the Japan yew is box again and beyond the 
box, English yew. This English yew is pretty well 
grown and is a good type of the genus. 

A little further along you come, on the left, to a 
clump of rhododendrons and about opposite these, on 
the right, is a well grown red maple. Passing on, 
there are bushes of the rosy pink Wcigcla {Dicrvilla 
ainabilis) and just back of the Weigela, a clump of 
the golden bell or Forsythia viridissiina. The For- 
sythia viridissima has rather lance-like leaves. Fur- 
ther on, on the right, we meet another Forsythia viri- 
dissiiua and beside it, toward the Lake, bald cypress 
{Taxodium disfichuni). Notice the feather-like leaves 
of the bald cypress. The bald cypress is surpassingly 
lovely at two seasons of the year — in spring, when its 
tender green makes your heart go out to it, and in 
autumn, when it waves a plume of softest old-gold 
and brown against the sky. It is tall and spire-like of 



169 

growth and deciduous in hal)it dropping its leaves in 
late autumn. Even in winter it has a beauty of its 
own when it spreads against the quivering and golden 
splendor of a winter's sunset the wirework of its del- 
icate branches. What eloquence in such a sight ! The 
hush, the winter stillness, the mute lakes stretched in 
steels armored against the wintry winds, no one in 
sight, the plaintive call of a kinglet and back of the 
bare branched bald cypress a tremulous sea of golden 
sky! 

But we cannot spend so much time on the bald 
cypress. Beside it, near the water, is a white willow 
of the variety vitellina. The glory of this tree is in 
the winter. Then its twigs turn a conspicuous brassy 
yellow. You can see them afar off through the 
maze of the gray-brown branches of its neighbors. 
Beyond the Forsythia here is a red maple and then 
we have come to the Arbor. On the left, from the last 
mentioned clump of rhododendrons, we have passed 
English yew, Austrian pine, white pine. The white 
pine you can know by its horizontal branches of bright 
light green foliage. By the Walk, in almost straight 
Ime from the white pine is a lovely Retinospora plu- 
mosa. Just stop a bit and look at the fineness of its 
leaf spray. Is it not exquisitely wrought, so fine and 
so feathery? Up the hill there are several Austrian 
pines easily known by their thick-set, chunky growth 
and dark green tufted foliage. The Walk draws us 
along, and we soon come to the Arbor. 

The Arbor has many things of interest to show us. 
If you stand in the middle of it and face the Lake 



i7o 



in the far right hand corner of its trelhsed roof Is a 
chistered vine which by its five leaves you recognize 
at once as Akebia qiiinata. The pretty cHmber is quite 
frequent in the Park, and you should get to know 
its five oval or obovate leaflets distinctly notched at 
the end. Its leaves are almost clover-like. This beau- 
tiful Japan vine, in early spring, breaks into bloom 
with rich plum colored flowers. At the far right hand 
corner of the Arbor, toward the hillside, and back 
of the first seat, are clumps of Dcutz'ia gracilis. Be- 
hind the second seat is a good English yew. Over- 
head, woven through the trellis, is a lovely Wistaria 
which in May and June lets down long racemes of 
very fragrant white flowers. Near the far left hand 
end of the Arbor as you face the water, the trellis 
is hung with Wistaria bearing deep purple flowers. 
\'"ery nearly overhead from the last seat of the left 
hand end of the Arbor the Grecian silk vine (Periploca 
Graeca) twines its smooth ovate pointed leaves. Tn 
June this pretty vine blooms with small greenish yel- 
low flowers in lateral cymes. The upper side of the 
oblong lobes are brownish-purple. 

Just in front of the Arbor are several things to claim 
your interest. Before its far right hand corner, where 
the Akebia twines, you will find three bushes in one, 
two, three order, side by side, toward the Lake. These 
are the three-leaved or American bladder-nut {Sta- 
phylea trifolia). Their flowers are very beautiful. In 
purest of white, they hang in raceme-like clusters at 
the ends of the branchlets of the season. They break 
out in early spring. Opposite the middle of the Arbor 



171 



stands a well grown spice bush {Benzoin hcn!:o'ui) 
known at once by its spreading dusky, blackish 
branches speckled with whitish patches. The spice 
bush blooms early, a little later than the Cornelian 
cherry and sets its flowers in little close clusters of 
yellow along its bare branches. Next to the spice bush 
stands another bald cypress. North-west from the 
bald cypress, close to the water's edge, is a sturdy 
English elm of heavy trunk and oak-like growth. 
Next beyond the English elm, overhanging the water 
is a hackberry. If you had nothing else to know it 
by except its bark that would be enough. Look at 
the base of its trunk. Those knots and ridges are 
enough to identify any hackberry. They are always 
present. At the north-western corner of the Arbor 
you will find European larch, not doing very well here 
for some reason, and beyond the larch, another bald 
cypress. These are on the • right of the Walk. 

Not very far from them, as you go on, there is a 
clump of the Van Houtte's spiraea and a little to one 
side of it, a bush of the red osier (Cornus stolonifcra). 
Notice the reddish stems of this bush. In winter they 
are bright crimson. Its leaf shows its kinship with 
the dogwoods. In the early summer it flowers with 
flat white corymbs and these develop into lead colored 
berries. You cannot mistake this bush if you examine 
its twigs. These towards their ends are very reddish 
and streaked with crinkly lines of light gray. Almost 
opposite the red osier, leaning out over the water from 
its foothold on the very edge of the bank is a fairy 
shrub, all lace and fineness. This is the cut-leaved 



172 

European elder (Scnubuciis nigra, var. laciniata). 
You can know it by its leaf alone. It makes you think 
of the graceful arabesques of Moorish decorations. 
One leaf of it would serve as an exquisite model for 
artistic designing. Hanging here over the water it 
seems to float on the air. Try to see it in June, when, 
through all its lace, it sets the feathery fineness of its 
white flowers. Beside the Walk again, further along, 
we come to Van Houtte's spiraea again. Then we meet 
Oriental spruce, tall, pyramidal, with beautiful dark 
green foliage whose deep shadows seem full of sweetly 
melancholy thoughts. Beyond the spruce is a fine 
fringe tree and beyond the fringe tree, silver maple, 
two more clumps of Spircca Van Hoitttei, then Wci- 
gela, (a little back of the second bush of Van Houttci) 
and then black cherry. This black cherry stands by 
the Walk, where the water curves in close to the bank. 
Up to this point, on the left, you have passed (from 
the Arbor) Oriental spruce, American elder, and two 
English yews quite close together. They stand about 
opposite the Cornus stolonifera. Just beside the first 
English yew here, nestling close to it is Japan yew 
(Ta.vus adpressa) and beyond the second yew is an 
interesting herb from China, Bocconia cor data, named 
from Bocconi, an Italian botanist. It rises on tall 
stems and carries very odd looking round-cordate 
lobed leaves, thick, veiny and glaucous. In late July 
or early August it is in bloom, and then you may see 
its large spikes of white or rose-white flowers very 
showy and very beautiful in their fineness. It is cer- 
tainly very pleasingly set here, foiled by the dark 



173 

green of the yews. Back of the Bocconia, up the hill, 
is an excellent growth of American holly {Ilex opaca) 
and just beyond the holly, down the hill a little, is an- 
other English yew. There are goodly clumps of moun- 
tain laurel in here and in June they are in full bloom. 
You will find two of them opposite the fringe tree on 
the other side of the Walk. Almost beside the second 
clump of laurel you will find a good specimen of 
Andromeda axillaris. This shrub is lovely in early 
spring when it sends out flowers, on curving stems, in 
long rows of little white bells like lilies-of-the-valley. 
These droop on either side of the middle flower stem. 

Up the hill, back of the Andromeda, is a tall hickory 
with rather close bark and small fruit. Its leaves are 
made up of five and seven leaflets, long pointed, finely 
serrate and smooth. It is the small mockernut hickory 
Gary a microcarpa. Up the hill a little further back 
is European larch. 

Back to the Walk again, only a few feet beyond 
the Andromeda you pass a row of Deutzia gracilis. 
They make a graceful picture when in height of 
bloom, certainly well meriting their name. 

Now we have come to that part of the Walk where 
the water bends close to it in a deep sinus, and as 
we go on, about opposite the black cherry, on the 
right, we have, on the left, an interesting tree. It 
is the sweet buckeye (Aesculus flava) and there is an- 
other back of it, up the hill a little, standing knee- 
deep in the waving grass. You can know this tree 
by its compound leaves of from five to seven leaflets. 



174 

pointed, smooth, elliptical and finely serrate. It has 
yellowish-white flowers in late May or early June. 

Beyond the flcwa, we meet a handsome red-flower- 
ing horse-chestnut. Its leaves tell you at once that 
it is of the common horse-chestnut family. But 
it is no common tree. In full bloom it is a lovely 
sight. Its flowers are a soft rose-red, and the tree 
in the full burst of its bloom, glows afar off like a 
torch. Next to this tree stands a graceful young 
sweet bay or swamp magnolia (Magnolia glauca). 
You can distinguish it easily by turning over its ten- 
der leaves of light green and looking at their under- 
sides. That pale whitish cast of color is decisive and 
says distinctly ''glauca." Its flowers appear late, 
from June to August, and they are round, white and 
exceedingly fragrant. Further on a little, on both sides 
of the Walk, are clusters of umbrella trees (Magnolia 
mnbrclla). You have, by this time, grown to know 
their large paddle-shaped leaves. 

Back of the first of these, on the left of the Walk, 
stands a handsome copper beech. There are several 
copper beeches along here and you can contrast their 
hues with the deep crimson tints of the purple beeches 
further on. These trees are of marvelous beauty in 
the spring and be sure to see them. I know of no 
handsomer ones in the Park than those right here. 
Get the sun through them and you will appreciate 
their differences of color. 

Further along, we meet, on the right, American 
white ash and down on the point of the bank, lean- 
ing out over the water, gathered together in a close 



175 

clump, are some yellow or golden willows (Saliv 
iilba^ var. z'itcUina). Next to the white ash is an- 
other clump of Van Houtte's spiraea and a 
similar bush on the other side of the Walk (the 
left) about diagonally opposite. Then we come to 
cucumber tree, on the right, and, by the water's edge 
American hornbeam. On the left, we have another 
copper beech. Beyond, on the left, we pass common 
locust, and still further along, bush cranberry with 
large goose-foot leaves and bright red berries in late 
July or early August. Back of the cranberry is an- 
other common locust, with fine tender green, pinnately 
compound leaflets. You will know it for a certainty 
if you find the thorns on its branches. Still further 
back, up the slope of the hill, is a clump of the Eu- 
ropean spindle tree or Enonymtts. Be sure to see it 
in autumn when it breaks open its conspicuous richly 
crimson, generally four-lobed fruit. It is very marked 
then and well worth seeing. It blooms in IMay with odd 
looking greenish white flowers, which are scarcely no- 
ticeable. If you notice its branches you will see that 
they are peculiarly marked with streaks which remind 
you of the striped maple. Back of the Euonyinus is 
a fine honey locust with characteristic black bark and 
prominent spines. These spines are murderous-look- 
ing affairs and seem to sprout out all over the tree. 
On its trunk they are very large and generally they 
are three-thorned, but often carrv many more than 
this number. This characteristic of three-thorns has 
given the tree its botanical name triacanthos, from 
tiia (three) ahantha (thorn). There is a spineless 



176 

variety of the honey-locust, known as z'ar. ijicriiiis, and 
the Park has one of this kind not far from the Six- 
teenth Street entrance. Back of the honey-locust 
there are some beautiful purple beeches. Note the 
handsome silver-gray of their barks. 

If we come back to the Walk again and continue 
westwards, beyond the cranberry bush is huckleberry, 
then Japan quince, then another copper beech stand- 
ing close by the Walk, on your left. Back of this 
tree are two common locusts standing close together 
and, a little further on, two more, almost in a straight 
line with each other. Passing an open stretch of 
grassy hillside here, we come, near Terrace Bridge, 
to fine clumps of arrowwood which you will know 
at once by their regularly notched leaves. The stems 
of the Viburnum dentatiim, the Indians used for ar- 
rows, hence its name. Up the hill a little, just be- 
yond the arrowwood is a blue willow. It is really 
a variety of the white willow with leaves of a very 
bluish cast on their undersides. By the Walk, be- 
yond the arrowwood, is bay or laurel-leaved willow, 
which you can distinguish by its dark, glossy green 
laurel-like leaves noticeably marked by a whitish or 
yellowish midrib and veins. 

Let us come back now to the locust near the spot 
where we turned off to go up the hill a little. Oppo- 
site to it, is a bush of ninebark Pliysocarpus (or Spi- 
rcea opidifolia). It gets its common name from its 
ragged, tattered stems and branches. To look at them 
you might think that they could be peeled more than 
nine times. The shreds of bark flutter all over them. 



177 



The leaves of this shrub are noticeably three-lobed 
an.d generally heart-shaped. It bursts into profuse 
bloom in June, with white flowers in umbel-like cor- 
ymbs. These soon develop Into fruit pods which are 
quite as conspicuous as its flowers. The pods turn a 
rusty red or crimson purple. Beyond the ninebark is a 
Reeve's spiraea, beautiful also in June when it is laden 
with close clustered heads of pure white flowers. 
To the right of the Reeve's spiraea, close by the water, 
rise a couple of splendid white or silver poplars. 
They are beauties, with their conspicuous barks of 
a pale greenish silvery gray on the upper branches 
which in winter throws them out sharply to the eye 
from the massed tones of adjacent trees. Every breeze 
showers their leaves with silver or snow. Not many 
feet further on you meet the European or tree alder 
(Ahms glutinosa). If you can see the little black 
*'cones" on its branches, you will know it at once. 
But its leaf is characteristic enough to distinguish it ; 
being roundish wedge-shaped, gently cut in at the 
top and serrated beautifully in wavy cuttings. 

Beyond the alder is Reeve's spir?ea again and back 
of this is black haw. Then comes another Reeve's 
spiraea and back of it, a shadbush. The shadbush 
you have learned to know by its bark, so beautifully 
marked. Then we meet common locust again, by the 
Walk, and beyond the locust, dogwood. An open 
stretch of grass follows and we stop at a point not 
far from the Terrace Bridge to look at two lovely 
willows drooping over the stream close to the water's 
edge. They are very beautiful and very different. 



i/S 



The one this side is the royal white willow, (Salix 
alba, var. rcgalis) and you can see in its leaves ,a 
close relation to the vitellina. But its leaves are much 
softer and of much finer finish than those of the vitel- 
lina. Stand back a little and catch the effect of 
the beautiful silvery-gray cast to the foliage of the 
rcgalis. The willow beyond it, nearer the Bridge, 
is purple willow, (Salix purpurea), and quite as lovely 
in its way. How beautifully are the two contrasted 
by their foliage. The leaves of the purple willow 
are lanceolate and set on very noticeably olive, or 
reddish and purplish stems. Its leaves are of a 
peculiar soft gray-green, with quite a delicate 
bluish cast. The effect of its foliage is grace and 
fineness and certainly this sapling has here been well 
set. A few steps further on we come to Terrace Bridge 
which spans the stream. This we cross by a little 
detour up the slope of the hill, and coming down the 
opposite bank, start at the abutments of the bridge 
and walk through Lullwater, keeping the stream on 
our right. 

Not far from the Bridge, standing by the water, 
is yellow willow, and beyond it, a little back on the 
grass, is an excellent specimen of red oak. It is 
well up to the type and worth your careful study. 
Look at its leaves and get them in your eye. Look 
at its bark, note its greenish-gray tinge. See if you 
can find acorns on it and, if you do, note their thin 
saucers or cups. Further on two Camperdown elms 
lean over the bank, close by the water's edge and 
beyond them well up on the bank is a fine group 



179 



of lilacs. One of these bushes bears white flowers, 
the others all have purple. Then we come to several 
Osage oranges and hop-hornbeams. Lock out for the. 
fruit of the hop-hornbeams and see how different it 
is from that of the hornbeam. Then comes a Vihiinium 
rugosuni, with rough, wrinkled leaves, and broad heads 
of white flowers in spring. Its leaves are almost round. 
You can find it easily for it is not far from a goodly sil- 
ver maple which stands up quite conspicuously near 
here. An English hawthorn meets you beyond the 
silver maple and then a Norway spruce. Quite a 
little stretch further on you come to another Euro- 
pean or tree alder and down by the waterside, fur- 
ther along, a well grown bay or laurel-leaved willow. 
How it flashes and plays with the sunshine. Near 
the waterside a little beyond is a graceful striped 
maple, grown to good size. Note the fine markings 
of its bark and if you wish to see a graceful sight, 
come to this tree in May, when its flowers hang in 
delicate greenish racemes from under its tender and 
beautifully wrought leaves. You cannot mistake the 
tree. Its striped bark is distinctive as are also its 
strongly three-lobed leaves, with the lobes ending in 
long, fine points. Several beautiful hemlocks float 
their fine sprays to the breezes here, playing with 
the lights and shadows of the sunshine. By the stream- 
side you will find a European hazel, very beautiful 
when the alders are clouding the bare trees with soft 
crimsons. The bloom of this hazel is worth seeing. 
It hangs all over it a golden vail, made by the flower- 



i8o 



ing staminate catkins. Beside the hazel is yellow or 
golden willow. 

A good specimen of the English elm stands 
near the Walk further on and near the center of the 
bankshore of a cove, a red-mulberry rustles its odd- 
shaped leaves. 

Now we have come to a point where the Walk 
splits into two forks, the left crossing Nethermead, 
the right keeping on toward the Boat House. On 
the Walk we have just been over, we passed, on 
the left, coming from Terrace Bridge, purple willow. 
Weir's cut-leaved silver maple (easily known by its 
very finely cut-leaves), a clump of Austrian pines up 
on the hillside near Nethermead Circuit Drive: then 
a long sweep and a bush of common elder about op- 
posite the tree alder; European hornbeam, opposite 
laurel-leaved willow; box; hemlocks; European horn- 
beam again, just before you come to the English 
elm. About opposite the little cove where the red 
mulberry keeps guard, you find on the left of the 
Walk, Mugho pine with its dwarf form clutching the 
bank ; Austrian pine again and then two more Mugho 
pines. Just beyond the Mugho pines are two Ceph- 
alonian silver firs which do not seem to be doing 
nearly so well as their sturdy clansman back of the 
Arbor and up the slope of Breeze Hill across the 
stream. That Cephalonian silver fir is a beautiful 
specimen and is one of the handsomest of its kind 
in the Park. You can know the Cephalonian by 
its stiff, sharp, pointed needles, which are dark-green 
above, white beneath, and have their petioles dilated 



i8i 



lengthwise at the point where they join the branch. 
The general form of the tree is broadly conical. 

Let us leave the Walk here, and follow the edge 
of the stream to Lullwood Bridge. On the little 
peninsula about opposite the fork of the Walk, we 
find two very handsome golden or yellow willows 
(Salix alba, var. vitellina) and about midway between 
them, a graceful American elm. At the easterly bight 
of the peninsula's neck, there are, hemlock, two Amer- 
ican larches (distinguished from the European by 
their smaller leaves and cones) and a noble old 
weeping European silver linden that has kept close 
friendship many a year with its bankside compan- 
ion, a rugged old golden willow. These two trees 
beautifully contrast each other. Back on the grassy 
swells of the meadow a stately silver maple has set 
foot and flings its boughs out in a most sheltering way, 
making a lovely spot for idle moments and drifting 
reveries. Sit beneath it, some golden spring morn- 
ing and listen to the silken rustle of its leaves, while 
the grass plays in silver all about you. Down be- 
low it, overhanging the stream, an English maple 
stands poised as if about to step into the water and 
just beyond it three European larches whisper to- 
gether as they softly sway their beautifully pendulous 
branches, thickset with the jet of their large cones. 
A little sweep around another gentle bay of the stream 
brings us to a majestic red oak. It has a large girth 
and lifts itself up on a stalwart, sweeping trunk that 
is majesty itself. High up it holds its towering head 
and in autumn it is a glory when the frost with the 



lS2 



magic of his breath changes its glossy green to bril- 
Hant crimson. Beyond the red oak clustered close 
together by the waterside are a bunch of American 
chestnuts. 

Now we have come to Lullwood Bridge and cross- 
ing it we find several things to look at on the penin- 
sula beyond. Following this around, we find a clump 
of the dwarf Japan catalpa, easily known by its 
angular leaves. Beyond is another dwarf clump, but 
of a very different kind. This is the dwarf horse- 
chestnut, Pavia macrostachya, called so from its long, 
upright racemes of white flowers, which are so con- 
spicuous in early July. Note its beautiful, smooth, 
palmate leaves. On the point, are fringe trees in a 
cluster and European flowering ashes, and on the next 
point of the peninsula, two golden or yellow willows 
side by side and about opposite them, dropping the 
beautiful green cascade of its leaves into the stream, a 
graceful weeping willow. The shore makes a bay 
in here and at its narrowest point with the Walk, 
about midway between water and Walk, almost in 
line with each other are ninebark, sweet pepper bush, 
and European or tree alder. A fine, old silver maple 
whispering to itself, stands sentinel at the end of the 
inlet here, and another one, close by the Walk, over- 
hangs the groups of syringa, which we met as we 
started on this ramble. 



Explanations, Sectional Diagram No. ii 



Common Name 



Botanical Name 



1. Black haw. 

2. Norway spruce. 

3. Panicled dogwood. 

4. Common sweet pepper 

bush. 

5. Scarlet oak. 

6. Mockernut hickory. 

7. Ramanas rose. 

8. Missouri currant. 

9. White oak. 

10. Black oak, 

11. American chestnut. 

12. Flowering dogwood. 

13. Red maple. 

14. Osage orange. 

15. Fringe tree. 

16. Carolina allspice, or 

sweet scented straw- 
berry shrub. 

17. American strawberry 

bush. 

18. Californian privet, 
ig. American hornbeam. 

20. Common privet. 

21. Fragrant honeysuckle. 

22. Carolina allspice. (Glau- 

cous leaved.) 

23. Himalayan spruce. 

24. Hemlock. 

25. Black oak. 

26. American white or gray 

birch. 



[ "ihnrnum pmnifoliiim. 
Picea cxcelsa. 
Conius paniculata. 
Clcthra almfolia. 

Qucrcus coccinea. 

Carya tomcntosa. 

Rosa rngosa. 

Ribcs aurcum. 

Qucnis alba. 

Qucrcus coccinea, vav. tinc- 

toria. 
Castanca saliva, var. Aincri- 
' cana. 

Conius H or Ida. 
Acer rubrum. 
Madura aurantiaca. 
Chionanthus Virginica. 
Calycanthus Horidus. 



Euonymus Amenicanus. 

Ligiistrum ovalifolium. 
Carpimis Caroliniana. 
Ligustrum vulgare. 
Lonicera fragranfissiina. 
Calycanthus glaucus. 

Picea Morinda. 
Tsuga Canadensis. 
Qucrcus coccinea, var. tine- 
tor ia. 
Bctula populifolia. 



i86 



Common Name 

27. American or white elm. 

28. American holly. 

29. Lombardy poplar. 

30. Weeping Japan pagoda 

tree. 

31. Althaea or Rose of Sha- 

ron. 

32. Scarlet fruited thorn. 
^3. Black alder or common 

winterberry. 

34. Silver bell or snowdrop 

tree. 

35. Yellow-wood. 

36. Variety Ncapolitana of 

the cockspiir thorn. 

37. Purple magnolia. 

38. Soulange's magnolia. 

39. Cucumber tree. 

40. Slender Deutzia. 

41. Hall's Japan honey- 

suckle. 

42. Ash-leaved maple or box 

elder. 

43. European hazel. 

44. Sycamore maple. 

45. Sweet gum or bilsted. 

46. White pine. 

47. Silver maple. 

48. European linden. 

49. European silver linden. 

50. Colchicum-leaved maple. 

51. Tulip tree. 

52. Nordmann's silver fir. 

53. Mt. Atlas or African ce- 

dar. 

54. American beech. 

55. Sour gum, tupelo or pep- 

peridge. 

56. Blunt-leaved Japan ar- 

bor vitse. 

57. Red-flowering horse- 

chestnut. 



Botanical Name 

IJlmiis Americana. 

Ilex opaca. 

Populus dilatata. 

Sophora Japonica, var. pend- 

ula. 
Hibiscus Syriacus. 

Cratcugiis coccinea. 
Ilex verticillata. 

Halesia tetraptera. 

Cladrastis tinctoria. 

Cratccgns cvus-galli, var. Nca- 
politana. 

Magnolia purpurea. 

Magnolia Soulangeana. 

Magnolia acuminata. 

Deutzia gracilis. 

Lonicera Japonica (or Hal- 
liana). 

Negnndo aceroides. 

Corylus avellana. 

Acer pseudoplatanus. 

Liquidamhar styraciflua. 

Pinus strobus. 

Acer dasycarpum. 

Tilia Europcca. 

Tilia Eiiropcea, var. argent ea 

(or alba). 
Acer Lcetum. 
Liriodendron tulipifera. 
Abies Nordmanniana. 
Cedrus Atlantica. 

Fagus ferruginea. 
Nyssa sylvatica. 

Chamcecyparis (or Retinos- 

pora) obtusa. 
Msculus hippocasfanum, var. 

rnbicunda. 



1^7 



Common Name 

58. Red osier. 

59. Bush cranberry. 

60. Scotch elm. 

61. Caucasian walnut. 

62. European or English 

yew. 

63. Polish Juniper. 

64. Bush Deutzia. (Variety 

Pride of Rochester.) 

65. Ginseng. 

66. Japan lemon. 

67. Variegated English yew. 

68. Rhododendron. (Rosy 

lilac colored flowers. 

69. Thread-like Oriental ar- 

bor vitre. 

70. Golden English yew. 

71. Camperdown elm. 

72. Pipe vine or Dutchman's 

pipe. 
"J}). Koelreuteria. 

74. Red oak. 

75. White beam tree. 

76. Sassafras. 

'jy. European hornbeam. 

78. Pin oak. 

79. Oriental plane tree. 

80. Black cherry. 

81. Oleaster. 

82. Van Houtte's spir?ea. 

83. Weeping golden bell or 

Forsythia. 

84. Japan quince. 

85. Honey locust. 

86. Hop hornbeam. 

87. Cherry birch. 



Botanical Name 

Cor mis stolouifcra. 
Viburmini opulis. 
Ulmus montana. 
Ptcrocarya fraxinifoUa. 
Taxus baccata. 

Juniperus commtinis, var. 

Cracovia. 
Dcutda crenata, var. Pride 

of Rochester. 
A ralia q u in q nc folia. 
Citrus trifoliata. 
Taxus baccata, var. elegan- 

tissima. 
Riiododendron, var. evcres- 

tiamim. 
Thuya Oricntalis, var. iili- 

f or mis. 
Taxus baccata, var. aurea. 
Ulmus montana, var. Cam- 

perdoivnii pendula. 
Aristolochia sipho. 

K(rlreuteria paniculata. 
Quercus rubra. 
Sorbus (or Pyrus) aria. 
Sassafras officinale. 
Carpinus betulus. 
Quercus palustris: 
Platanus Orientalis. 
Prunus serotina. 
Elceagnus angustifolia. 
Spircca Van Houttei. 
Forsythia suspensa. 

Cydonia Japonica. 
Gleditschia triacanthos. 
Ostrya Virginica. 
Be tula lenta. 



i88 
XI. 

MUSIC STAND TO LONG MEADOW. 

When you take this ramble, may you have such a 
day as I had, when I started to go over its ground 
one Saturday, in early summer. 

The golden sunshine of the afternoon came slant- 
ing through the trees and the music from the Stand 
swelled and lulled and swelled vmtil it seemed to 
move with the play of the breeze, harmony for har- 
mony, melody for melody, in a sympathy of rhythm. 
When the music rushed and thrilled with some ex- 
alted ecstacy of harmony, the breeze seemed to rush 
with it. Rising and swelling in sudden gusts, it 
came sweeping through the green leaved canopies, 
shaking them into flying silver, sending through their 
masses, quick, quivering radiances of light which 
twinkled like falling rain. At every gust, wave after 
wave of dancing light played througfi the illumined 
green. When these gusts came the shimmering 
beat of light over the glorified leaves, was music to 
the eye as much as the sonorous and swelling ca- 
dences of the orchestra thrilled music to the ear. 
Through the pauses of the music, sounded ever, like 
an echo of waters falling in the heart of the woods, 
the rustling of the leaves overhead, sounds full of 
cool suggestions, contentment and refreshment of the 
soul. 



i89 



As I stood and watched the beat of hght, playing 
in sweeps of soundless harmonies through the wind- 
stirred leaves, the fountain blew aloft to the trem- 
ble of the music, its upward smoke. The breeze 
caught it and drifted it gently over the pool, in slowly 
falling folds of fleecy mists, which seemed to cling 
lingeringly in the air. As they drifted, they drew 
the imagination with them and spirits of the air seemed 
ever draping this fair fountain with a flowing vail; 
seemed ever changing the fleecy folds, drawing and 
drawing in endless garniture. 

As the slowly drifting, fleecy mists wafted with 
the breeze, the sunlight struck through their lace, and 
in the twinkling of an eye, changed them to falling 
showers of gold ; glorified beyond words. Hallowed 
as by a silent benediction, they sifted slowly away, 
melting through the trees and fading from sight in 
wisps and wreaths of drifting gold. 

But let us see what we have about us here. Be- 
ginning on the northerly side of the Music Stand, 
all along the waterside, you will find good sized bushes 
of the panicled dogwood. You will have no difii- 
culty in finding it, if you look for a bush about five 
feet high, considerably branched and with a smooth 
ash colored bark. Its dogwood leaves are long oval 
and taper-pointed, whitish on the undersides and acute 
or rounded at the bases. But try to see one of these 
shrubs in the early days of June, when it is putting 
forth the flower heads which have given it its name 
panicttlata. These are white, in distinct, upright 
panicles. The panicles have a high convex curve of 



190 

outline, quite different from the flat top of the alter- 
nate leaved dogwood. Indeed, the flower clusters 
of the paniculata are quite cone-shaped. You will know 
them at once by this mark, when you see them in 
flower. The flowers develop into white rounded ber- 
ries about the size of peas on stalks of pale scarlet. 
These are ripe in late August or early September. 

About opposite the north-easterly corner of the Mu- 
sic Stand is a scarlet oak and beside it, sweet pepper 
bush. Tall and fair and straight, a mockernut hickory 
stretches up its lofty head nearby and Ramanas rose 
and Missouri ,currant flourish in cozy nooks close 
down by the corner of the low iron ornamental fence 
which guards^ the bankside here. 

A rustic bridge spans the darkly shadowed water 
not many feet away, and we will follow the path that 
leads over it up to the Farm House on the hill and 
then through the lovely shades of Ambergill out to 
Lonof Meadow. Then we will come back to this rustic 
bridge again and follow the other forking of the 
Walk in this beautiful section of the Park. 

Tall, stately, majestic, with a silent dignity all their 
own like two Horatii guarding the little bridge, stand 
two oak trees, both on the right, one at the south end, 
the other at the north. How like, yet how unlike. The 
southern is a white oak. Notice its light gray bark. 
The northern is a black oak. Notice its dark black- 
ish bark whose thick heavy plates are quite different 
from the thin granite gray scales of the white's. 

Just as the Walk crosses the Bridle Path, in the 
corner at the left, is red maple, and crossing the Bridle 



191 

Path, in the corner at the right, is another white oak. 
Opposite this white oak, on the left of the Walk, is 
Osage orange with reddish brown bark and spines in 
its leaf axils. Beside it is another panicled dogwood, 
and as the path meets the Drive, at the left hand corner 
is fringe tree and at the right hand, panicled dogwood 
again. 

Before yoii cross the Drive here, turn to your left 
and look at some of the things along the side of the 
Drive as you go west to Nethermead Arches. In that 
little stretch of things green and lovely, you will find 
Carolina allspice or sweet scented strawberry with 
long oval or oblong leaves which are soft and downy 
on the undersides. Almost beside it stands American 
straw^berry bush, and close by Nethermead Arches, 
variegated English yew, with dark green leaves in 
rows along its stems and leaves sharp-pointed. 

Let us go back now to the drive crossing by the 
fringe tree and the panicled dogwood, and cross the 
Drive. As we take up the thread of the path on the 
other side, at our right are Carolina allspice and Cali- 
fornian privet and, on our left, American hornbeam, 
common privet, and fragrant honeysuckle. 

The path winds on up the hill, and if you strike 
off from it for a moment and walk out to the edge of 
the ridge you will find some extremely interesting 
evergreens. They are well worth seeing. You will 
get a near view of them here, but their best showing 
is seen from the path across the little trickling brook 
that sings down this pretty ravine. The evergreens 
of which I speak are specimens of the Himalayan 



192 

spruce (Picca inorinda). They are beautiful trees 
with long sweeping pendulous branches, giving a cas- 
cade effect to their soft light green foliage. If you 
see the trees from across the brook, they show a 
noticeably dusty gray tint through their green. This 
tint is given by the slightly glaucous touching on the 
undersides of their needles. You will know the trees 
almost on sight by their long needles, from one to 
two inches in length. These needles are four sided, 
of pale green color, strong, stiffish, curving gently 
round in a fine arc to the top, which is sharply acute. 
The path passes some well grown black oaks by the 
Farm House and, if you take the left fork, turning by 
the little shelter, it leads you down through the whis- 
pering shades of Amergill, beside tinkling waters 
that have a music all their own. Amergill is a beauti- 
ful v/ork of landscape architecture, and as you walk 
through it, you can easily fancy that you are 'Svay out 
in the country somewhere." But if you wish to catch 
something of the enchantment of the place come here 
some soft moonlight night in summer. The foliage is 
so dense that the moonbeams only break through here 
and there in patches of silver. All else is darkness. 
The song of insects make the air vibrant ; the breeze 
comes and goes through the trees with cool rustlings 
that are refreshment enough ; but over all and through 
all comes a still small voice, tinkling, tinkling, tinkling 
time away in drops of silver water. It is the stream 
stretching its strings like a harp across the face of the 
rocky glen here, and singing softly to the moonbeams 



193 

playing so gently over it. It is the spirit of the place 
and its serene beauty will haunt you many a day. 

As we thread its leaf hung ways, puffs of cool air 
come up to us from its glens, and if you have come 
here after a rain, spicy whiffs of things evergreen and 
of the woods. When you have come about opposite 
the easterly corner of the shelter that overhangs the 
path here from a Walk above, look on your left hand 
for a tree with large dark green leaves of roundish 
obovate or oblong oval shapes, generally wedge-shaped 
at the base, either acute or obtuse at the point, and 
with margins sharply and doubly serrate. The leaves 
are smooth on the uppersides and very white on the 
undersides. At a distance you might mistake this 
tree for a scarlet fruited hawthorn. It is not of that 
family at all, however, but belongs to the same clan 
as the mountain ash. It is the white beam tree (Sorbus 
or Pynis Aria). Its flowers are in broad corymbs and 
these change into globose orange-red berries in close 
clusters. 

If you follow the Walk on until it comes out at Long 
Meadow, it will show you some noble sweet gums, red 
oaks, white oaks, black oaks and hornbeams which 
you have probably learned to pick out at sight now, 
so we will come back to the rustic bridge by the Music 
Stand and take up the Walk that runs by Binnen 
W^ater, under Nethermead Arches or Three-Arch- 
Bridge, as it is often called, up the ravine and thence 
to and around the Swan Boat Lake to Long Meadow 
again. 

Startincf then from the rustic bridsfe, once more. 



194 



we pass on the right American gray birch, close by 
the bridge ; red maple, hemlock, American holly, Lom- 
bardy poplar with its branches gathered close in to its 
trunk; weeping Japan pagoda tree just beyond the 
Lombardy poplar by the pool ; then two Rose of 
Sharon trees, side by side. Of these, the one near the 
Japan pagoda tree bears white flowers, and the one 
near the Walk, magenta flowers, usually in July. By 
the Walk, beyond the Rose of Sharon, stands a scar- 
let fruited hawthorn. Beyond the hawthorn, a little 
stretch, you come to a point where the Walk throws 
ofif an arm to the left, sweeping the Nethermead. 
About opposite its point of branching, on the right of 
the Walk which you have been traversing, nestled in 
with the shrubbery, you will find black alder or com- 
mon winterberry (Ilex vcrticillata). As its name im- 
plies, it is of the holly family, but its leaves are any- 
thing but holly-like of aspect. They are long egg- 
shaped or wedge-lanceolate and pointed at both ends. 
On the undersides their veins are downy. Should you 
pass this shrub in late June you may see its pretty 
small white flowers of six petals clustered in the axils 
of the leaves, on short peduncles or stems. These 
flowers change into bright scarlet berries which ripen 
late in autumn. 

If you should take the arm of the path just spoken 
of above, sweeping around the Nethermead, it will 
lead you past many beautiful things. On its right you 
pass several handsome magnolias. These are Mag- 
nolia purpurea and bear deep purple flowers early in 
spring. On the left, opposite them, are silver bell. 



195 

Osage orange, and back of the Osage orange a very 
handsome and rare variety of the cockspur thorn. 
This variety, which is Neapolitaiia, has two different 
kinds of leaves, one kind thin and of a rather triangular 
form, the other of a thick, roundish character, with a 
very shining coriaceous upper surface. Some botanical 
authorities speak of it as Cratccgus cnis-gaJli, var. Jief- 
crophylla, referring to its characteristic of growing 
different leaves. Beyond this variety of the cockspur, 
still on your left, are scarlet fruited thorn and yellow- 
wood. 

At the point where this side arm from the larger 
path, meets the Nethermead Circuit Drive by a little 
offshoot of Walk, you will find at easy points of identi- 
fication, by the sectional diagram, European hazel, 
sycamore maple, sweet gum easily known by its star- 
shaped leaves and fringe tree. Step out on the Drive 
now and follow it for a little space toward Lookout 
Hill. Along its left hand border are very hand- 
some lindens and some of the best grown Col- 
chicum maples in the Park. These last you can 
pick out by the peculiarly marked bark of their trunks 
and by their five to seven lobed leaves. These maples 
bear their blossoms in erect cor3^mbs. To make their 
identification sure, the tree next to the west of the 
lamp-post here is Colchicum maple, then comes syca- 
more maple (with another just south of it), then an- 
other Colchicum maple, then a fine tulip tree a little 
to the south-west of the Colchicum maple. Near the 
next lamp-post which you pass on your left going 
west toward Lookout TTill, are several thino-s of in- 



196 

terest. Just before you come to it, off to your left, 
stands another sycamore maple. See how well it 
merits its name pseudo-platanus. Near it, closer to 
the Drive and nearer the lamp-post is a Nordmann's 
silver fir. A little south-west of the lamp-post is a 
red maple, with another of its kind just beyond it. 
The next tree west of the lamp-post, and close by the 
Drive, is Nordmann's silver fir again. What a rich 
dark green have its leaves. Notice the silver white 
on their undersides. Directly opposite the lamp-post, 
on the other side of the Drive and leaning out over 
the Bridle Path are two fine specimens of the Amer- 
ican beech, with smooth light gray bark and chestnut- 
like leaves. Going still westward on the Drive, just 
back to the south-west of the last Nordmann, you 
come to a red maple and further over to a noble ever- 
green, of light feathery aspect, and graceful fountain- 
spray form of branching. It was perfect before it lost 
its top branches, but it is beautiful still. It is the 
Mount Atlas variety of the Cedar of Lebanon (Cedrus 
Atlantica). You probably have noticed this tree often 
in your rambles and perhaps have been told that it is 
Cedar of Lebanon. It is in a way, Cedar of Lebanon. 
That is it is a variety of it, known botanically as the 
Mount Atlas Cedar {Cedrus Atlantica). If you com- 
pare its leaves with those of the Cedrus Lihani on the 
southern slope of Breeze Hill you will see that these 
have a glaucous tinge over them. In addition they 
are mostly cylindric, stiff, mucronate or sharp pointed 
and closely clustered. Those of the Lihani are long 
needle form, taper pointed, few in fascicle and are of 



197 



a deep green color. Notice too that this Mount Atlas 
Cedar throws up its branches in perfect vase form 
which is characteristic of the Atlantica, whereas the 
Libani has a distinct horizontal swing to its branches. 

Let us now come back to the junction of the Walk 
by the black alder and continue along its course 
toward Swan Boat Lake. On the right, about oppo- 
site a second offshoot of the Walk to the left, you 
will find thick clumps of ginseng or Aralia quinque- 
folia, which you recognize at once by its five leaves. 
Great masses of Deutzia gracilis bank both sides of 
this second offshoot of path which climbs a few steps 
and runs around in a short arc to meet the Drive. We 
will not follow it now, but will keep on with the path 
which runs under the Three-Arched-Bridge. 

On your left, about midway between the offshoot 
of the path and the Bridge, close by the Walk and 
leaning over it are some trees which you will do well 
to look at closely. They are Caucasian walnuts and 
you can know them easily by their long compound 
leaves made up of from eleven to twenty-odd smooth 
glossy leaflets. The leaflets have crisped margins. 
The bark of these trees is curiously streaked or marked 
with reddish brown lines which make you think of the 
Halesia or silver bell. Don't miss them, and if possible 
don't fail to look for their strings of fruits which 
develop from long, drooping racemes of flowers. It 
is the wing on the fruit which has given the tree its 
botanical name Ptcrocarya. Close by the Bridge, on 
your left, is English yew. As you come out from 
tmder the Bridge and pass the next offshoot of patH 



198 

which springs away to the left, you pass variegated 
Enghsh yew, EngHsh yew, rhododendron, thread-Hke 
Oriental arbor vitse and golden English yew. 

After a delightful sauntering under darksome 
shades of hornbeam and hemlock and many other 
things green and woodsy you are led through a rock 
bordered glen out upon an edge of Long Meadow. The 
path branches here and we take the left which leads 
around the Swan Boat Lake. 

A pretty little black haw stands close by the Walk 
and the water, on the right as you go westward. On 
the left, gathered in a close group about the junction 
of the Walk are red maple, sweet gum, with Ameri- 
can chestnut behind it, and then scarlet oak. Further 
on a little, tall red oaks rear up their strength and 
beauty, and as the path comes close again to the 
water, white oak, black haw, chestnut, and two very 
fine sweet gums quite close to each other overshadow 
you. As the path joins another which has climbed 
up from the Drive, it turns north-westward and bends 
around Swan Boat Lake, over a beautifully set rustic 
bridge. On the way around this little sheet of water 
you pass on the right, or water side, Californian privet, 
black cherry, oleaster, Van Houtte's spiraea, honey 
locust, with a fine scarlet oak beside it, and all along 
the north-western border of the lake, handsome sweet 
gums, chestnuts, pin oak and the finest groups of 
pepperidge trees in the Park. These last should be 
seen, by special appointment, in the days of early 
autumn. Their glossy leaves take the most beautiful 
shades of rich maroon or brilliant, cool crimson. 



199 



If you follow the water course here it will lead you 
on to a junction of paths near the spot where we 
came out from Ambergill and at this junction on the 
Long Meadow we start on our next ramble. 



SECTIONAL DIAGRAM 
N9I2 



TO 



PiAlA\ iINJTm!flJ€E 




Explanations, Sectional Diagram No. 12 



Common Name 



Botanical Name 



1. European hornbeam. 

2. Californian privet. 

3. English ehii. 

4. American hornbeam. 

5. American chestnut. 

6. White oak. 

7. Sassafras. 

8. Sweet gum or bilsted. 

9. Smooth branched Eng- 

lish elm. 
10. Scotch elm. 
Ti. American or white elm. 

12. Red maple. 

13. Indian currant or coral 

berry. 

14. Mountain-ash-leaved 

spiraea. 

15. Tree of Heaven or 

ailanthus. 

16. Ninebark. 

17. Smooth sumac. 

18. Common privet. 

19. Spanish chestnut. 

20. Yellow birch. 

21. English oak. 

22. White pine. 

23. Dwarf mountain sumac. 

24. Californian privet. 

25. Austrian pine. 

26. Paper or canoe birch. 

27. Cherry birch. 

28. Black haw. 

29. European or tree alder. 



Carpimts bctuliis. 
Ligustrum ovalifolium. 
U I in lis campcstris. 
Carp inns Caroliniana. 
Castanca saliva, var. Amcri- 

can a. 
Que reus alba. 
Sassafras officinale. 
Liquidambar styraciHua. 
Ulnius campcstris, var. Iccvis. 

Uhnus montana. 
Ulmus Americana. 
Acer rubrum. 
Symphoricarfos vulgaris. 

Spircea sorbifolia. 

Ailanthus glandulosus. 

Physocarpus (or Spircca) op- 

ulifolia. 
Rhus glabra. 
Ligustrum vulgare. 
Castanca sativa. 
Bctula lutea. 
Querciis robur. 
Pinus strobus. 
Rhus eopallina. 
Ligustrum ovalifolium. 
Pinus Austriaca. 
Bctula papyrifera. 
Bctula lenta. 
J Iburnum pritnifolium. 
Alnus glutinosa. 



204 



Common Name 

30. Choke cherry. 

31. English hawthorn. 

32. EngHsh ehn. 

33. Golden bell or Forsy- 

thia. 

34. Japan quince. 

35. Hackberry or sugarberry. 

36. Weeping European silver 

linden. 
27. Cut-leaved European 
elder. 

38. European linden. 

39. European silver linden. 



40. Silver maple. 

41. Sycamore maple. 

42. Judas tree or redbud. 

43. Variety pyracanthafoUa 

of the cockspur thorn. 

44. Ginkgo tree. 

45. Sour gum, tupelo, or 

pepperidge. 

46. Sugar maple. 

47. American basswood. 

48. Small-leaved European 

linden. 

49. Imperial Paulownia. 

50. Indian bean or southern 

catalpa. 

51. Indian bean or southern 

catalpa. 

52. Cucumber tree. 

S2)- Soulange's magnolia. 

54. Sweet viburnum or 

sheep berry. 

55. Pin oak. 

56. Chestnut oak. 

57. Heart-leaved alder. 

58. Large-racemed dwarf 

horse-chestnut. 

59. Sessile-leaved Weigela. 

60. Swiss stone pine. 

61. Five leaved akebia. 



Botanical Name 

Pnin us I ^irginic: na. 
Crafccgus oxyacantha. 
Ulmus caiupcstris. 
Fo rsytJi ia z nr id issiin a . 

Cydonia Japonica. 
Ccltis occidcntalic. 
Tilia Eiivopcca, var. argciitca 

(or alba) pcndiila. 
Sambuciis nigra, vav. lacin- 

iata. 
Tilia Eiiropcca. 
Tilia Europcea, var. argentca 

(or alba). 
Acer dasycarpum. 
Acer psciidoplatanns. 
Cercis Canadensis. 
Cratccgus crus-galli, var. 

pyracanthafoUa. 
Salislmria adian tifolia. 
Nyssa sylvatica. 

Acer sacchariiium. 

Tilia Americana. 

Tilia Europcea. var. parvi- 

folia. 
Paulownia iniperialis. 
Catalpa bignoniodes. 

Catalpa bignoniodes. 

Magnolia acuminata. 
Magnolia Soulangcana. 
Jlbnrnuni lentago. 

Quercus pains tris. 
Quercus prinus. 
Alnus cordifolia. 
Pavia macrostachyia. 

Diervilla sessilifolia. 
Pimis Cembra. 
Akebia qninata. 



20 : 



Common Name 



Botanical Name 



62. Evergreen hawthorn. 

63. European or English 

yew, 

64. Hop hornbeam. 

65. Weigela. 

66. EngHsh or field maple. 

67. Koelreuteria. 

68. Yellow-wood. 

69. Fern-leaved beech. 

70. Flowering dogwood. 

71. Norway maple. 

']2. Lawson's erect cypress. 

']Z- Obtuse-leaved Japan ar- 
bor vitse. 

74. Turkey oak. 

75. Purple-leaved English 

elm. 
"jd. Curled-leaved English 

elm. 
'jj. Japan Judas tree. 

78. Pin oak. 

79. Flowering dogwood. 

80. Common sweet pepper 

bush. 
Si. Red oak. 
82. Bur or mossy-cup oak. 



Cratcrgus pyracan tlia folia. 
Taxits haccata. 

Ostrya Vivginica. 
Dicrvilla amahilis. 
Acer campestre. 
Koelreuteria paniculata. 
Cladrastis tinctoria. 
Fagus sylvatica, var. hetcro- 

pliylla. 
Corniis florida. 
Acer platan oidcs. 
Cham(€cyparis Laivsoniana, 

var. erecta. 
ChamcEcyparis (or Retinos- 

pora) obtiisa var. nana. 
Quercus cerris. 
Ulniiis campestris, var. 

stricta purpurea. 
Ulmus campestris, var. cucn- 

lata. 
Cercis Japonica. 
Quercus pahistris. 
Corniis florida. 
Clcthra alnifolia. 

Quercus rubra. 
Quercus macrocarpa. 



XII. 
LONG MEADOW TO PLAZA ENTRANCE. 

In this ramble we start at the fork of the Walk 
as you come out from Ambergill, and follow the 
branch that runs along the easterly side of Long 
Meadow. The trees you pass are well known to you 
now, if they have not been before, for you have met 
their kinsmen many times on these rambles. On 
the right, American hornbeam, American chestnut, and 
English elm ; on the left, European hornbeam, Cali- 
fornian privet, English elm, American chestnut, white 
oak, with another chestnut quite near it and you have 
com^e to another forking of the Walk. For the present 
we take the right and follow the easterly side of Long- 
Meadow to IMeadow Port Arch. We will then come 
back and follow the left branch from this fork of 
the Walk along the westerly side of Long Meadow 
out to Plaza Entrance. 

As you go north-easterly, you pass three red maples 
on the left, and about opposite to them, over on the 
right, well across the green, you find many things of in- 
terest, in the vicinity of the large clumps of shrubbery 
there. These masses make a fine display just on the bor- 
der of the Bridle Path between it and the Walk you are 
following, and when autumn sends over them the sting- 
ing breath of her flame, they burst into sudden scarlet 
and crimson. 



207 

As you pass along the Walk, you notice on the right 
that the shrubberies form themselves here into some 
four or five distinct groups, and if you study each group 
by itself you will have little difficulty in identifying 
the things indicated on the diagram for this section. 

Beginning with the first group you meet, you will 
find flanking its southerly border brave little bushes, 
which you must not fail to see in autumn. These are 
Indian currant bushes and in the frosty days hang all 
through them their bright red berries. The berries 
have given the bush the name of coral berry. Back 
of the Indian currant border are several young ailan- 
thus trees, whose leaves you can compare with those 
of the sumac bushes all about here. About the feet 
of the ailanthus trees and back of the Indian currant, 
another clan of soldiery fills up this phalanx of shrub- 
bery. This you will see, by examining its leaves, is 
the mountain-ash-leaved spiraea, and if you chance to 
pass near it in midsummer you will see it all puffed 
over with the white fluff of its bloom. Around on 
the south-eastern side of this clump of shrubbery, near 
the Bridle Path, and about opposite a lamp-post, there 
is a fine gathering of ninebark, which you know at 
once by its bark-tattered stems and by its roundish, 
heart-shaped three lobed leaves. If you go up the 
Bridle Path a little, you pass at your right some 
excellent specimens of the common privet, and you can 
see how different is its leaf from that of the Californian 
privet. Note the bluish-green tinge of the common 
privet. About opposite the two clumps of common 
privet you have at the left, banked in the clump of 



208 



shrubbery, excellent specimens of the smooth sumac. 
This sumac has leaves quite similar to those of the 
staghorn sumac, but if you look at its branches you 
will see that they are very smooth and have none of 
that woolly, fuzzy pubescence which is the character- 
istic mark of the staghorn. Indeed, it is this similarity 
of aspect of its branches (when stripped of leaves) 
to the young horns of a stag that has given it its 
name. 

Follow this frst clump right around its margin, 
and you pass, beyond the smooth sumac, smooth 
sumac again, then ninebark again, then common privet 
then back to Indian currant. 

Now let us continue along the path by Long 
Meadow. We pass another circular clump of shrub- 
bery on our right. This is smooth sumac and so is 
the next clump. Then we come to two clumps, mostly 
ninebark, and another cluster of bushes in the neck 
of the bank where the Walk and Bridle Path come 
close together. This is the beautiful Rhus copallina 
or dwarf mountain sumac, which is so handsome in 
early autumn. You can tell it at once by the wings 
on its leaf steam, between each pair of leaflets. 

If when you were on the Bridle Path a moment 
ago you had not turned in by the smooth sumac but 
had kept on, you would have passed, on the right, 
Californian privet, Austrian pine, two handsome white 
pines side by side, then common privet, and Austrian 
pine right back of the lamp-post, where the Bridle 
Path comes into East Drive. Over to the right of 



209 



this Austrian pine are two paper birches standing 
close together. 

Continuing now along the meadow walk, beyond 
the copallina you meet red maple, cherry, birch, black 
haw, American hornbeam, Californian privet, black 
haw again, then a little open stretch, and then choke 
cherry, with English hawthorn a little back and 
beyond, and Forsythia very near a spur of the Walk, 
which bends to the right to climb a few steps to the 
Drive crossing. Close to the Drive, back of the last 
mentioned trees and shrubs are several English elms 
all doing well and all easily recognized by their stal- 
wart trunks and oak-like thrust of branches. Follow- 
ing the spur of path here, not across the Drive, but 
in its semi-circular wandering down a series of steps 
back to the Walk again, we pass a hackberry right in 
the fork of its left hand junction and opposite the 
hackberry, on the right hand bank, Japan quince and 
European silver linden. 

Now we continue along the meadow path again 
and the right hand bank has some beautiful lindens 
both European and American, over which you can 
well spend many hours of botanizing. As you come 
near Endale Arch (the Arch beneath which one 
branch of this Walk passes the Drive and leads 
out to the right hand exit of the Park at the 
Plaza) look for the pretty hawthorn with leaves which 
resemble so much those of the evergreen hawthorn 
(pyracaiitha) that they have won for it the name 
pyracanthafoUa. It stands up the bank a little beyond 
the Judas trees and between a European alder and 



2IO 



Endale Arch. You will know it by its small narrow 
oblanceolate, dark, leathery, shining leaves. It is 
a variety of the cockspur thorn, and has a kinsman 
down in the Pool of Vale Cashmere. 

At Endale Arch we turn sharply to our left to take 
the crosswalk over to the Arch opposite, named long 
ago by the Park authorities. Meadow Port Arch. 
It is often familiarly called F Arch, because of its 
resemblance to that letter. As we turn westward 
then and follow this arm of the path, you will find an 
extremely interesting ginkgo tree near Endale Arch on 
the right of the Walk. It is an especially interesting 
gingko because it usually fruits abundantly. This is 
the tree of which we spoke in Chapter IX., and if you 
wish to see the fruit of the ginkgo come to it early 
in the fall. If you have a sensitive nose you had 
better look at the fruit from the Walk. 

Follow the path until you come about opposite 
the lamp-post up on the Drive at your right. Not 
quite in line with it, but near enough for you to locate 
it stands a handsome sugar maple a little to the right 
of the Walk. It is an excellent type of its variety, 
and its low hung branches make it a good tree on 
which to see its flowers at close range. This tree 
flowers very abundantly and in April or May you 
may find them hanging in long umbel-like clusters, 
just about the time the tree is clothing itself with 
leaves. The wings of its fruit do not quite form a 
right angle. This, by the way, is one of the best 
means of identifying a maple, by noting the angle of 



211 



the wings of its keys. In botanical terms, a key is a 
winged fruit. 

Just before you came to this sugar maple you 
passed on your left, about midway between the 
ginkgo tree and the sugar maple, a good specimen 
of the sour gum or pepperidge or tupelo, as it is often 
called. I never get tired of singing the praises of 
these sour gum trees. They are like crusts of bread 
to the lenses of the eye, when winter has whipped off 
their leaves and shows them forth in all their gnarled 
and twisted beauty. What a fire slumbers in their 
glossy leaves ! The sour gum flowers in April or 
May, in dense clusters, and its fruit, eggshaped, is 
bluish black, clustered two or three together on long 
stems from the axils of the leaves. This tree's leaf 
has its margin entire, but often beyond the middle 
strongly angulated. The leaf is thick and shining 
on the upper side, with a rich gloss. You can pick 
the tree out at once by its trick of growing its leaves 
in crowded clusters near the ends of the branches. 
In autumn no tree in the Park puts on such rich, 
lustrous, brilliant tones of crimson, maroon, and sub- 
dued mahogany. 

Beyond the sugar maple, as you go westward along 
this Walk, you pass on the right, about opposite the 
Thatched Shelter, an American basswood. Have you 
noticed the distinct yellowish cast in the green of the 
American basswood? It is especially distinct in late 
July or August, and is a sure mark of the tree. 

Further along on your left, you pass a clump of 
many interesting things, gathered close together in 



212 



this corner of Long Meadow. By the way, what a 
lovely meadow this is ! Either in summer sunshine, 
when it rolls away in velvet swells, or on gray days 
when wreathing wraiths of mist half enfold it with 
slov/ dragging vails of cloud, or in winter when it 
lies hushed in driven snow on which the shadows of 
elms and lindens draw silhouettes of delicate violet. 

But to come back again. On the left, we have here 
some fine specimens of the catalpa, magnolia and a 
tree which I do not think you have met before if you 
have followed these rambles. There are kinsmen of 
ii: in the Park, but they are in parts away from 
the walks. The tree is quite common on the streets 
of the city, and I suppose has been often mistaken 
for a catalpa. But, though indeed it looks much like 
one, it is quite different. The catalpa belongs to the 
Bignoniaceae or Bignonia family, and this tree, the 
Paulownia imperialis belongs to the Scroplmlariaceae 
or figwort family. They resemble each other in form 
(slightly) and leaf (quite closely), but in fruit they 
are extremely different. The Paulozvnia is a very 
interesting tree in winter because of its conspicuous 
fruit and bud clusters of next spring's flowers. These 
stand up very noticeably on the upper branches of 
the tree, clear and distinct against the sky, a sure 
sign of the tree's identity. Take a bunch of grapes, 
pluck off the grapes, turn what you have left point 
up and you will have, if you hold it off from you a 
little, a very fair imitation of what these bud clusters 
look like. On these the tree's flowers bloom in early 
spring, before the leaves come out, if the winter has 



213 



not been severe. A hard winter kills the buds and 
then they fail to bloom. The flowers are of a beau- 
tiful violet color, heavily fragrant and resemble the 
flowers of the catalpa, long, funnel form, with flaring 
flanges of lobes. This tree gets its name from Paul- 
ownia, daughter of the Czar, Paul I., and it was 
brought into Russia from Japan. It has been widely 
introduced in this country and having escaped from 
cultivation has become really native. The tree, as 
has been said above, is very catalpa-like. both in its 
habit of sending out rambling, sprawling branches 
and in its foliage. Its leaves are, however, more 
pointed and angular than those of the catalpa. Its 
bark is also very different, darker and more like that 
of the ailanthus. It is a tree which is often, in winter, 
mistaken for both the ailanthus and the catalpa, but 
its flower-bud sign will set you straight. Often in 
winter you will see clinging to this flov/er stalk the 
fruit husks of the tree, ovate, pointed ^rapsules, about 
one and a half inches long, densely packed with many 
flat-winged seeds, and if you find one of the fallen 
pods on the ground break it open and see the delicate 
little brown seeds winged with white fluff. Botani- 
cally the tree is Paiilownia iiiipcrialis and, as has been 
said, belongs to the figwort family. You will find a 
fine Paulozimia in the center of the group of catalpas 
here. 

A few steps further on brings us to Meadow Port 
Arch. We will not pass through it now, but will 
go back to the fork of the \Valk down on Long 
Meadow, where we branched off to the rioht to follow 



214 



the easterly path along the Meadow. Now w^e will 
follow the path skirting the westerly side of the 
Meadow and to dO' it, we take at the fork here the 
left hand branch. 

You. no doubt are already familiar with many of 
the trees we pass and we will hurry on a little, beneath 
the overhanging branches of chestnut, hickory, sweet 
gum and soft maples, to the next fork of the Walk. 
A very handsome young pin oak stands in the very 
point of the south-eastern angle made by the junction 
of the paths. Hunt for its beautiful, small acorn, the 
tiniest, daintiest nut. It is scarcely half an inch long 
and its cup is extremely shallow saucer-shaped and 
is almost sessile. 

Continue along the cross-walk here to the Drive, 
and follow the Drive southward until you come to 
an arm of it leading off at your right. This arm has 
its point of junction about opposite a lamp-post, on 
the left. In the clump of things clustered in the 
south-west angle of this fork of the Drive, you will 
find one very peculiar and very interesting tree. It 
is the heart-leaved alder and has grown to the dignity 
of a good sized tree. You will have no trouble in 
finding it, for the telltale alder "cones" hang thickly all 
through it, black, and very easily seen. But look 
at its leaves. See how heart-shaped they are. Note 
their dark shining green. This tree comes from 
Southern Europe and after it gets a hold on 
the soil, grows well. It bears Its flowers, greenish- 
brown in March or April before the leaves come out. 
It stands here in a triangle made up of itself, a chest- 



215 

nut, and a silver maple, and of this triangle it fills 
the western corner. 

Let us now come back to the pin oak at the fork 
of the Walk, where we broke off to cross the Drive. 
We will now follow its north-westerly branch, which 
skirts the westerly side of Long Meadow. 

Between the fork by the pin oak and the next 
branching of the path there is a good bush of the 
sweet viburnum not very far along on your left. You 
will know it by its very finely serrated leaves. It is also 
quite close to a chestnut which will serve you as an 
index to its position. 

As you follow the Walk along, beyond the Shelter 
it bends in toward West Drive. Just as it begins to 
turn away from West Drive, if you leave the path 
and step across the grass to the Drive, you will find 
close by it, a tree that will interest you. It is the 
Turkey oak, and it is a good one. Have you ever 
seen the acorns of the Turkey oak? If not you have 
something to see. For ragged ends of fringe the 
bur oak acorn does pretty well, but it is not a circum- 
stance to what the acorn of the Turkey oak can do. 
Hunt around for one. They are worth seeing. They 
are ovate and have a very bristly fringed hemispherical 
cup. The leaves of this tree are rich, glossy green, 
oblong, very deeply and unequally notched into 
pinnate sinuses, and are on very short stalks. Their 
lobes are rather angularly cut. To find this tree more 
readily it is not far from a chestnut which also stands 
close by the Drive. Almost directly across the Drive 
from these two trees stands a lamp-post, and to its 



2l6 



right, if you get your back to it and face west, down 
on the slope, is a bur oak. North-west of the bur oak 
stands EngHsh oak, very close to the Walk. Still 
keeping your stand by the lamp-post, to your left, 
up the rise a little is white oak, and west of it, red 
oak. Lamp-posts are not to be despised. They can 
be used to light the steps in more ways than one 
and I hope you have found them sprinkled very 
generously over the diagrams of this book. Their 
presence, I thought, would serve to correct judg- 
ments of distance or to reassure judgments of correct 
distancing. Sometimes it happens that a bush is cut 
out or a tree cut down. Landmarks of this kind often 
disappear, but lamp-posts are not cut down so fre- 
quently. 

Let us now come back to the Walk again. We 
pass over quite a little stretch of meadow until we 
come near two catalpas that have been cut down to 
mere stumps of trunks. These are on the right of 
the Walk, and not very far from Meadow Port Arch. 
If you cut across from them, to the left, over the 
grass and across the Drive, you will find another 
lamp-post. The first tree to the south of this lamp- 
post, on the Drive, is a purple leaved English elm, 
the next is an Austrian pine, the next is a curled- 
leaved English elm and is located directly opposite 
another lamp-post on the other side of the Drive, so 
you can scarcely help finding these trees. Back of 
lamp-post number one, in this enlightened gathering 
of things botanical and mineral, you will find another 
Turkey oak, close by the Walk and in fine condition. 



217 

If you go back now to the Walk on the Meadow 
again and go through Meadow Port Arch you will 
come out upon a little island of shrubbery set down 
very cozily Just in front of the Arch. This island 
has somewhat the form of a spherical triangle with 
the longer side (the westerly) indented by a curving 
bay. We begin with the branch that slips off at our 
left as we come from the Arch, and follow around 
this island of shrubbery. In the easterly angle of 
the island, just as you come from the Arch, is ever- 
green thorn (Cratccgiis pyracantha) with dark shin- 
ing foliage. This shrub bears light pink flowers and 
orange-scarlet berries in the winter. A Swiss stone 
pine fills the south-westerly angle of the island and 
just this side of it, that is east of it, is a good bush 
of the sessile-leaved Weigela. Diagonally across from 
the Swiss stone pine, on the opposite border of the 
path, parallel with the boundary line of the Park, is 
an excellent clump of the dwarf long-racemed buck- 
eye. This shrub is very handsome in July, when it 
throws up tall, tapering racemes of white bloom, 
which stand up over its horizontally spreading leaves in 
a very conspicuous manner. The leaves are themselves 
very handsome, of thin, fine texture, palmately com- 
pound. They make a fine showing for the shrub, even 
when it is not in bloom. You will find this bush direct- 
ly i . front of you as you come from the left branch path 
beside the island of shrubbery. Following the cir- 
cumference of this island, northward, you meet in its 
northerly angle a well grown ginkgo tree with straight 



2l8 



shaft and branches thrown out at angles of about 
forty-five degrees ; with beautiful fan-like leaves that 
make you think of the maiden-hair fern. 

From the ginkgo tree, following the border of the 
"island" back now toward the Arch, stands English 
yew and then Scotch elm. The elm is higher up on 
the bank. 

This completes our reconnaissance of the island 
and we leave it by the path which, branching from 
the right as you go from Meadow Port Arch, climbs 
up a little rise beyond the ginkgo and finally comes 
out at the Plaza. At Thatched Shelter it forks again 
to wreathe, in its leisurely rambling, another "island" 
and flows together again a little further beyond. We 
go down the left branch past a well grown hop-horn- 
beam on the left (just at the break of the fork) and 
then on the right, as we go on, Weigela, English fitld 
maple, yellow-wood, Koclreiiteria and yellow-wood 
again. On the left, just as you come out at the con- 
fluence of the two branches of the path, are hop- 
hornbeam again and flowering dogwood. 

As the path flows together again and we follow 
it, we pass on the right, one after another, stand- 
ing almost side by side four black haws. Directly 
across to the right of the third one, on the border of 
the Drive, you will find American elm and near the 
Exit, beyond the elm, by the Drive, is Austrian pine 
with another beside it, to the left. In between the 
Austrian pines and a little back of the American elm 
is sycamore maple. This you know readily by its 



219 

buttonwood-likc leaves. Another Ko:lrcutcna has 
taken up position to the side of the sycamore maple. 
The American elm, the sycamore maple, and the 
Koclreuteria are almost in a line with each other, 
the line cutting the Walk at an angle of about forty- 
five degrees. 

As you follov^ the Walk out from the Park, in 
the corner at your right, are clustered many beau- 
tiful things. Indeed, too many to mark them on 
any diagram, but perhaps you may pick some of 
them out by a brief text description and by noting 
their locality which can only be indicated. The 
small evergreen in the corner, nearest the Exit, with 
the pretty curved fan-shaped sprays of close, blunt 
leaves is Retinospora obtitsa, var. nana; the shrub 
just this side of it, by the path, is Lawson's erect 
cypress and you can tell it by its leafsprays which 
seem to grow in vertical planes like series of parti- 
tions. There is another evergreen of the same kind 
just beyond it, over toward the stone wall that flanks 
the Park on the north. 

With the identification of these evergreens, this lit- 
tle book of Park rambles draws to a close. It is 
intended as a beginner's book, and if it has awak- 
ened in the hands of its users a desire to know more 
about the beautiful things of our Park, gathered 
there with so much labor, with so much judgment, 
and at such expense, it will have more than suc- 
ceeded in its purpose. Go out to our exquisite Park. 
Study its flowers, its shrubs, its trees, with a pur- 



220 



pose, and your reward will be great. Every ram- 
ble will have something new to tell you. Though you 
walk It for years, every leafy way shall unfold to you 
some fresh secret, and the old story of the seasons 
will be always a new one for you. 



THE END. 



221 



INDEX OF COMMON NAMES. 



[Numerals in full lace type refer to the explanation tables and the numerals 
not in full face type to the tree or shrub number on each table.] 



Abele' tree or white poplar, 

lo, 71. 
Adam's needle, 3, 48. 
African Cedar. See Mount 

■ Atlas Cedar. 
Ailanthus, 9, 56; 12, 15. 
Akebia, Five-leaved, i, 71 ; 

10, 35; 12, 61. 
Alcock's spruce, 6, 57. 
Alder, Black, or common 

winterberry, 11, ^s. 

— European, i, 113; 4, 64; 

6, 7; 7. 58; 8, 29; 
9, 13; 10, 93; 12, 29. 

— European, Imperial cut- 

leaved, 2, 46. 

— Heart-leaved, 12, 57. 

— Hoary. 7, 61. 

— Smooth, 9, 99. 

— Speckled, 7, 61. 

— Tree. See Alder, Euro- 

pean. 
Allspice, Carolina, 11, 16. 

— Carolina, Glaucous-leaved, 

11, 22. 
Alternate-leaved dogv^^ood, 9, 

lOI. 

Althaea or Rose of Sharon, 
II, 31. 

Amelanchier. See Shadhiish. 

American Arbor Vitje, Pyra- 
midal variety, 5, 24. 

— Basswood, i, 22; 3, 34; 4, 

62; 6, 5, 48; 7. 20, 39; 
9, 78; 12, 47. 

— Beech, i, 115; 2, 54; 11, 

54- 

— Bladder nut, 10, 34. 
■ — Buttonwood, i, 97. 



— Chestnut, 2, 15; 4, 11; 

10, 108; II, II ; 12, 5. 

— Elm; 3, 10; 4, 49; 6, 9; 

7, 17, 26] 8, 33; 9, 74: 

10, loi ; II, 27; 12, 
II. 

— Hazel, I, 54. . 

— Holly, I, 121 ; 10, S4: 

11, 28. 

— Hornbeam, 2, 5; 4, 20; 5, 

61 ; 6, 24, 25, 34, 39, 46 : 
7, 40; 10, 64; II, 19; 

12, 4- 

— Larch, 10, 105. 

— Strawberry Bush, 11, 17. 

— White ash, i, 92; 3, 73; 

4. 35; 5. 20; 6, 45; 
7, 25; 8, 3; 10, 62. 
■ — White elm, 3, 10; 4, 49: 
6, 9; 7, 17, 26; 8, 2>2>\ 

9, 74; 10, lOI. 

— White or gray birch, 4, 

55; 6, 21; 7, 59; II, 26. 

— Willow, New; 9, 41. 
Amorpha fructicosa, 5, 46. 
Andromeda Axillaris, i, yj ', 

10, 56. 

— Catesby's, 6, 61. 
Angelica tree, I, 78; 85; 9, 

18. 

Aralia, Spiny, I, 78, 85; 9, 
18. 

Arbor Vit?e, American, Pyra- 
midal variety, 5, 24, 

— Chinese, 3, 23. 

— Japan, Blunt-leaved, 11, 

56. 

— Japan, Golden pea-fruit- 

ing; 3, 18. 



^22 



— Japan, Golden phimc- 

leaved ; i, 4. 

— Japan, Obtuse-leaved; 12, 

— Japan, Plume-leaved; i, 5; 

3, 39; 6, 62; 10, 2>2>' 

— Japan, Variety squarrosa, 

I, 6; 3, 70. 
— • Oriental, Thread-like; 11, 

69. 
Arrowwood, i, 55; 5, 40; 8, 

44; 9, 48; 10, 79. 

— Maple-leaved or dock- 

mackie, 2, 44. 
Ash, American white, i, 92; 
3, 73; 4, 35; 5, 20; 
6, 45; 7» 25; 8, 3; 
10, 62. 

— Aitcuba-leaved, 8, 19; 9, 

58. 

— European, 3, 36; 9, 10. 

— European, Crisp-leaved; 

3, 74. 

— European flowering, i, 

23; 3, 7, 67; 5, 8; 6, 16; 

8, 18; 9, 25; 10, 112. 

— European flowering. Wil- 

low-leaved; 9, 3. 

— European, Single-leaved, 

I, no; 5, i; 8, 5- 26. 

— European, Weeping, i, 

104. 

— European, Willow-leaved; 

I, 108. 

— Northern prickly, 8, 31. 

— Willow-leaved, European 

flowering. 9, 3. 

Ashberry or Japan mahonia, 
10, 17. 

Ash-leaved maple or box el- 
der, I, 93; 2, 4; 4, 6; 
5, 55 ; 6, 27; 8, 9; 

9, 26; II, 42. 
Aucuba, Japan, 3i 4i- 
Aucuba-leaved ash, 8, 19; 9, 

58. 



Austrian pine, i, 2: 2, 52; 3, 
6; 4, 9; 5, 42; 6, 14; 

9, 43; 10, 30; 12, 25. 

Azalea, Garden, 3, y2. 

— Ghent, 3, 38. 

— Lovely, i, 73; 3, 42. 
Babylonian Willow, i, 64; 

10, 109. 

— Willow, Golden-barked, 9, 

50. 
Bald Cypress 7, 52; 8, 15; 
10, 31. 

— Cypress, Weeping, 2, 32 ; 

6, 44; 9» 55- 
Barberry, Common, 4, 43 ; 7, 

34; 8» 39- 

— Japan. vSr^ Barberry, 

Thnnbcrg's, 

— Purple, I, 68; 4, 42; 7, 

41. 

— Thunberg's, 4, 13. 
Basswood, American, i, 22; 

3, 34; 4, 62; 6, 5, 48; 

7, 20, 39; 9, 78; 12, 47. 
Bay or laurel-leaved willow, 

7, 28; 9, 69; 10, 80; 94. 
Bay, Sweet ; or Swamp mag- 
nolia; I, 106; 10, 60. 

Bayberry, 9, 47. 

Beam tree. White; 11, 75. 

Bean trefoil tree. See Lab- 

urnum. 
Beech, American, i, 115; 2, 

54: II, 54- 

— Blue. See Hornbeam, 

American. 

— Copper, I, 19; 3, 52; 10, 

44. 

— European, i, 102; 2, 66; 

4, 58; 5, 2. 

— European purple, 9, 42 ; 

10, 67. 

— European weeping, i, 16; 

8, 7 : 9, 49- 

— Fern-leaved, i, 70; 10, 

103; 12, 69. 



^±^ 



— Purple European, 9, 42; 

10, 67. 

— Water.- Sec Hornbeam, 

American. 

— Weeping European, i, 16; 

8, 7; 9» 49. 
Bhotan pine, i, 37; 2, 25, 

43; 4, 7; 10, 5. 
Big shellbark or kingnut 

hickory, 10, II4. 
Bilsted. See Sweet gum. 
Birch, American white or 

gray, 4» 55; 6, 21; 7, 

59; II, 26. 

— Canoe. See Birch, paper. 

— Cherry, 2, 53; 4, 22; 5, 

62; 6, 37, 42; 7» 47; ii» 
87; 12, 27. ^ 

— European white, 9, i, y6. 

— European white, Cut- 

leaved or weeping, 9, 23. 

— Gray, or American white 

birch, 4, 55; 6, 21; 7, 
59; II. 26. 

— Paper or canoe, i, 12; 4, 

26; 5, 18; 7, 43; 12, 26. 

— Red, I, 103. 

— River, i, 103. 

— White, American or gray, 

4, 55; 6, 21; 7, 59; 

11, 26. 

— White European, 9, i 

— Yellow, 6, 2: 12, 20. 
Bird cherry, European; 6, 

Z2', 8, 25. 
Black Alder or common win- 
terberry, 11, 2,2,- 

— Birch. See Cherry birch. 

— Cherry, 4, 59; 5, 51; 6, 

42; 9, 64; 10, 50; II, 80. 

— Gum. See Sour gum. 

— Haw, 2, 38; 5. 26; 6, 43; 

8, 10; 9, 85; 10, 73; 
II, I ; 12, 28. 



— Hawthorn, 5, 5; 9, 12, 2t. 

— Mulberry, 2, 48. 

— Oak, 2, 56; 4, 44; 9, 52; 

II, 10; II, 25. 

— Thorn. 5*^^ Black haw- 

thorn. 

— Walnut, I, 91; 3, 8; 4, 

60. 
Bladder nut, American, 10, 

34. 

— benna, 9, 103. 

Blue willow, 3. 57; 10, 81. 

Blunt-leaved Japan arbor 
vit^, II, 56. 

Bocconia. See Tree celan- 
dine. 

Box or boxwood, 10, 4, 2S, 
96. 

Box elder or ash-leaved ma- 
ple, I, 93; 2, 4; 4, 6; 
5, 55; 6, 27; 8, 9; 
9, 26; II, 42. 

Bridal-wreath spir?ea, i, 44; 

5, 35; 7, 13- 

Bristly locust, 5, 44. 

Broad-leaved European lin- 
den, 4, 46; 5, 32, 63, 64; 

7, 3- 
Buckeye, Sweet, 10, 58. 

— Yellow flowered, 2, 37. 
Buckthorn, Common, 9, 7S- 
Bumald's spir?ea, i, 8. 
Bunge's catalpa, i, 62; 3, 78; 

9, 81; 10, III. 
Bur oak, i, 117; 8, 47; 9, 

96; 12, 82. 
Bush Cranberry, i, 21 ; 10, 

76; II, 59. 

— Deutzia, 6, 38; 8, 30; 9, 

87; 10, 2. 

— Deutzia, Variety Pride of 

Rochester, 7, 60; 8, 51, 

II, 64. 
Buttonbush, i, 79; 2, 36. 
Buttonwood, i, 97. 



224 



Californlan privet, i, 94; 2, 
i; 4, 40: 8, 16; 9, 44; 
II, 18; 12, 2, 24. 

Camperdown elm, 2, 41 ; 3, i ; 

4, 30; 9, 40; 10, 3; 
II, 71. 

Canoe birch, I, 12; 4, 26; 5, 

18; 7, 43; 12, 26. 
Carolina Allspice, 11, 16. 
— • Allspice, Glaiicous-leaved, 

11, 22. 
Catalpa. Dwarf Japan 

(Biinge's catalpa) I, 62; 
3, 78; 9» 81; 10, III. 

— Southern or Indian bean 

tree, i, 63; 6, 11 ; 8, 41 ; 

12, 50. 

Catesby's andromeda, 6, 61. 
Caucasian walnut, 11, 61. 
Cedar, African, 11, 53. 
— ■ Deodar, or Indian, 3, 71. 

— Lebanon, 9, 102. 

— Japan, 6, 54. 

— Mount Atlas, il, 53. 

— Red, 5, 23. 
Celandine, Tree, 10, 48. 
Cephalonian silver fir, i, 33; 

3, 17; 10, 47. 
Cherry Birch, 2, 53; 4, 22; 

5, 62: 6, 37, 42; 7, 47; 
II 87; 12, 27. 

— Bird, European; 6, 32; 8, 

25- 

— Black, 4 » 59; 5, 51; 6, 

42; 9, 64; 10, 50; II, 
80. 

— Choke, 4, 24; 5. 52; 12, 

30. 

— Cornelian, I, 15, 98; 2, 2; 

3, 9; 8» 52. 

— Wild red, 2, 26. 
Chestnut, American, 2, 15; 

4, 11; 10, 108; II, 11; 
12, 5 

— Oak, 12, 56. 

— Spanish, i, too; 12, 19. 



China, Maple of Northern, 9, 

.63. 
Chinese Arbor Vitse, 3, 23. 

— Cork tree, 6, 60. 

— Lilac, Weeping, 3, 60. 

— Podocarpus, 3, 31. 

— Quince, 5, 48. 

— Wistaria, 7, 7; 10, 37. 
Choke, cherry. 4, 24; 5, 52; 

12, 30. 
Cockspur Thorn, Oval-leaved 
variety, 9, 86. 

— Thorn, Variety Neapoli- 

taiia, II, 36. 

— Thorn, Variety pyracan- 

thafolia, i, 72; 12, 43. 
Cofifee-tree, Kentucky, i, 36; 

3, 26; 5, 50; 9, 45. 
Colchicum-leaved maple, 3, 

14; II, 50. 
Colorado blue spruce, 2, 19; 

4, 8. 

Common Barberry, 4, 43; 7, 

34: 8» 39- 

— Buckthorn, 9, 73. 

— Elder, i, 56; 7, 51; 10, 

15, 46, 92. 

— Horsechestnut, i, 61. 

— Locust, I, 32; 4, 28; 9, 

66; 10, 66. 

— Privet, II, 20; 12, 18. 

— Snowball or guelder rose, 

1, 40; 8, 49. 

— Sweet pepper bush. 2, 11; 

10, 22; II, 4; 12, 80. 

— Winterberry or black al- 

der, II, 33. 
Copper beech, i, 19; 3, 52; 

10, 44. 
Coral berry, 12, 13. 
Cork tree, Chinese, 6, 60. 
Cork bark elm, English ; i, 

82; 2, 51; 3, 49; 4, 48; 

9, 2. 
Cornelian cherry, i, 15, 98; 

2, 2; 3, 9; 8, 52. 



225 



Corsican pine, i, 89. 
Cranberry. Bush, i, 21 ; 10, 

76; II, 59- 
Crisp-leaved European ash, 3, 

74- 
Cryptomeria Japonica. Sec 

Japan cedar. 
Cucumber tree, 5, 37; 7, 36; 

9, 5; 10, 63; II, 39; 
12, 52. 

Cunninghamia, 3, 27. 
Curled-leaved English elm, 
12, 76. 

— Willow, 9, 79. 
Currant, Indian, 12, 13. 

— Missouri, 11, 8. 
Cut-leaved European alder, 

Imperial ; 2, 46. 

— European elder, 10, 53; 

12, 37- 

— Silver maple, Weir's, 9, 

107; 10, 83. 

— Weeping European white 

birch, 9, 23. 
Cypress, Bald, 7, 52; 8, 15; 

10, 31. 

— Bald, Weeping ; 2, 32 ; 

6, 44; 9, 55- 

— Ground, Japan. See Japan 

arbor vitcu. 

— Lawson's erect, 12, 72. 
Day lily, 3, 11. 

Deodar or Indian cedar, 3, 71 
Deutzia, Bush or Fortune's, 

6, 38; 8, 30; 9, 87; 

10, 2. 

— Bush or Fortune's, Variety 

Pride of Rochester ; 7, 
60; 8, 51 ; II, 64. 

— Slender, i, 67; 3, 30; 10, 

39; II, 40. 
Devil's walking stick, i, 78, 

85; 9,. 18. 
Dockmackie, 2, 44. 
Dogwood, Alternate-leaved, 

9, lOI. 



— Flowering, i, 69: 3, 4; 

4, 25; 5, 30, 59; 7, 44; 
10, 75; II, 12; 12, 70, 
79- 

— Panicled, 11, 3. 

— Red flowering, 4, 29. 
Dotted fruited hawthorn, 2, 

3 ; 2, 28. 
Double red-flowering peach, 

3, 63. 
Dutchman's pipe, 11, 72. 
Dwarf Catalpa (Japan), i, 

62; 3, 78; 9, 81; 10, 

III. 

— Horsechestnut, Large ra- 

cemed, i, 66; 10, no; 
12, 58. 

— Mountain sumac, i, 46; 

9, 60, 94; 12, 23. 

— White spirsea. Fortune's, 

1, 81. 

Eagle's claw maple, i, 9. 
Elaeagnus. Sec Oleaster. 
Elder, Common, i, 56; 7, 51 ; 

10, 15, 46, 92. 

— European cut-leaved, 10, 

53; 12, 37- 
Elm, American or white, 3, 
10; 4, 49; 6, 9; 7» 17, 26; 

8, 33; 9, 74; 10, loi; 

11, 27; 12, II. 

— Camperdown, 2, 41 ; 3, 

I ; 4, 30; 9, 40; 10, 3; 

11, 71. 

— English, 2, 16; 4, 10; 5, 

49; 7, 29, 31; 8, I ; 10, 
36, 99; 12, 3, 32. 

— English cork bark, i, 82; 

2, 51; 3, 49; 4, 48; 

9, 2. 

— English, Curled-leaved, 

12, 76. 

— English, Plume-leaved, 6, 

64. 

— English, Purple-leaved, i, 

86; 12, 75. 



22^ 



— English, Smooth hranched, 

12, 9. 

— Purple-leaved English, i, 

86; 12, 75- 

— Scotch, I, 11; 2, 49; 3. 

50; 7, 46; 8, 8; 9, 75; 

11, 60; 12, 10. 

— White, 3, 10; 4, 49; 6, 9; 

7, 17, 26; 8, 2>y, 9. 74, 
10, loi ; II, 27; 12, II. 
English Cork bark elm, i, 82; 
2, 51; 3, 49; 4» 48; 
9, 2. 

— Elm, 2, 16; 4, 10; 5, 49; 

7, 29, 31; 8, i; 10, 36, 
99; 12, 3, 32. 

— Elm, Curled-leaved, 12, 

— Elm, Plume-leaved, 6, 64. 

— Elm, Purple-leaved, i, 86; 

12, 75. 

— Elm, Smooth branched; 

12, 9. 

— Field maple, i, 25; 2, 

59; 4» 54; 5» 66; 10, 23; 
12, 66. 

— Hawthorn, i, 20; 2, 14; 

4. 34; 5, 53; 8, 43; 
9, II, 28, 90; 10, 90; 
12, 31. 

— Maple. See English Held 

maple. 

— Oak, I, 65; 9, 100; 12, 21. 

— Oak, Weeping, i, i. 

— Walnut, I, 122; 2, 34. 

— Yew, 3, 16; 10, 19; II, 

62; 12, 63. 

— Yew, Golden; 11, 70. 

— Yew, Variegated; 3, 42; 

6, 63; II, 67. 

— Yew, Weeping; 3, 68. 
European Alder, i, 113: 4, 

64; 6, 7; 7, 58; 8, 29; 
9, 13; 10, 93; 12, 29. 

— Alder, Imperial cut leaved, 

2, 46. 



— Ash, 3, 3^1 9» 10- 

— Ash, Crisp-leaved, 3, 74. 

— Ash, Single-leaved, i, no; 

5, I ; 8, 5, 26. 

— Ash, Weeping, i, 104. 

— Ash, Willow-leaved; i, 

108. 

— Beech, i, 102, 2, 66; 4, 58; 

5, 2. 

— Beech, Purple, 9, 42. 

— Beech, Weeping; 8, 7. 

— Birch, White. ^ See Birch, 

European white. 

— Bird cherry, 6, 32; 8, 25. 

— Elder, Cut-leaved; 10, 53; 

12, 37- 

— Powering ash, i, 23; 3, 

7, 67; 5, 8; 6, 16; 8, 18; 
9, 25; 10, 112. 

— Flowering ash. Willow- 

leaved, 9, 3. 

— Hazel, I, 52; 2, 10; 6, 33', 

8, 21; 10, 98; II, 43. 

— Holly, I, 48; 3» 40. 

— Hornbeam, i, 39; 2, 47; 

6, 4; 10, 95; 100; II, 
77; 12, I. 

— Larch, 6, 13, 29; 10, 43, 

107. 

— Larch, Weeping, 6, 23; 

8, 14; 9, 8. 

— Linden, i, 26; 2, 12; 3, 

29; 4, 3; 5» 31; 6, 47; 

7, i; 9, 91; II, 48; 
12, 37' 

— Linden, Broad-leaved, 4, 

46; 5. 32, 63, 64; 7, 3- 

— Linden, Silver; i, 27; 2, 
- 6; 3, 44; 5, 3Z, 36; 6, 

49; 7, 2; 8, 6; 9, 9; 
II, 49; 12, 39. 

— Linden, Small-leaved, 9, 

92; 12, 48. 

— Linden, Various-leaved, 3, 



227 



— Linden, Weeping silver, 

3, 12; 5, 34; 6, 35; 

9, 27; 10, 106; 12, 36. 

— Mountain-ash, i, 120; 9, 

61. 

— Purple beech, 9, 42; 10, 

67. 

— Silver fir, 10, 104. 

— Silver linden. See Euro- 

pean linden, Silver. 

— Spindle-tree, 8, 45; 9, 67', 

10, 70. 

— Weeping beech, i, 16; 8, 

7 ; 9» 49- 

— White birch. vSct? Birch, 

European zvhite. 

— Yew. See English yew. 
Evergreen hawthorn, 12, 62. 
Exochorda (Pearl bush), 4, 

17- 
False indigo, 5, 46; 8, 42; 

9, 16, 2>7. 
Fern-leaved beech, i, 70; 

10, 103; 12, 69. 

Field maple. English. See 
English Held maple. 

Fir, Cephalonian silver, i, 
33; 3, 17; 10, 47- 

— European silver, 10, 104. 

— Japan silver, 9, 98. 

— Noble silver, 6, 56. 

— Nordmann's silver, i, 13; 

2, 21; 4, 2; 7, 62; 

11, 52. 

Five-leaved akebia, i, 71 ; 

10, 35; 12, 61. 
Flowering ash, European, i, 

23; 3, 7, 67; 5, 8; 6, 16; 

8, 18; 9, 25; 10, 112. 

— Ash, Willow-leaved, Euro- 

pean ; 9, 3. 

— Dogwood, Red; 4, 29. 

— Dogwood, I, 69; 3, 4; 4, 

25; 5, ,30, 59; 7, 44: 
10, 75; II, 12; 12, 70. 

79- 



Fly honeysuckle, 5, 43; 10, 

16. 
Forsythia, i, 42; 2, 50; 3, 

2; 4, 41; 6, 22; 7, 6; 

8, 23; 9, 29; 10, 28; 
12, 33- 

— Intermediate-leaved, 10, 

82. 

— Weeping, 3, 75; 11, 83. 
Fortune's Deutzia. Sec Bush 

Deutzia. 

— Dwarf white spiraea, i, 

81. 
Fragrant honeysuckle, i, 47; 
4, 39; 5, 10; 8, 37; 

9, 22; II, 21. 
French Mulberry, i, 45. 

— Tamarisk, 2, 39; 9, 68. 
Fringe tree, 5, 14; 9, 17; 

10, 49; II, 15. 
Fringe-tree-leaved lilac. See 

Josika lilac. 
Garden Azalea, 3, 72. 

— Hydrangea, 3, 77. 
Ghent azalea, 3, 38. 
Ginkgo tree, 9, 32; 12, 44. 
Ginseng, 11, 65. 
Golden-barked Babylonian or 

weeping willow, 9, 50, 
Golden Bell or Forsythia, i, 
42; 2, 50; 3, 2; 4, 41; 

6, 22; 7, 6; 8, 23; 

9, 29; 10, 28: 12, 33. 

— Bell, Intermediate-leaved, 

10, 82. 

— Bell, Weeping, 3, 75; 11, 

83.. 

— Chain. See Laburnum. 

— English yew, 11, 70. 

— Willow. See Yelloiv Wil- 

loiv. _ 
Gray birch, or American 
white birch, 4, 55; 6, 21; 

7, 59; II, 26. 
Grecian silk vine, 10, 51. 



228 



Gregory's Norway spruce, 3, 

62; 10, 8. 
Ground cypress, Japan. Sec 

Japan arbor vitcc. 
Guelder rose. Sec Snoii'ball. 
Gum, Sour. See Sour gum. 
Gum, Sweet. Sec Szvect 

gum. 
Hackberry, 6, 3 ; 8, 35; 10, 

42, 12, 35- 

Hackmatack. See Larch, 

American. 
Halesia. See Silver bell. 
Hall's Japan honeysuckle, 7, 

18; II, 41. 

— Japan magnolia, i, 105. 
Haw, Black, 2, 38: 5, 26; 6, 

43; 8, 10; 9, 85; 10, 73; 
II, i; 12, 28. 
Hawthorn, Black, 5, 5 ; 9, 12, 
21. 

— Cockspur, Oval-leaved va- 

riety, 9, 86. 

— Cockspur, Variety Nca- 

politana, 11, z^. 

— Cockspur, Variety Pyra- 

canthafolia, i, 72; 12, 

43- 

— Dotted fruited, 2, 3; 2, 

28. 

— English, I, 20; 2, 14; 4, 

34; 5, 53; 8» 43: 9, II- 
28. 90; 10, 90; 12, 31. 

— Evergreen, 12, 62. 

— Pear, 5, 5; 9, 12, 21. 

— Scarlet fruited, i, 95; 9, 

83; II, 32. 

— Scarlet fruited, Large 

thorned variety, 2, 68. • 

— Tender-leaved, Hybrid va- 

riety, 9, 105. 

— Washington, 2, 6t,\ 5, 47; 

8, 34- 
Hazel, American, i, 54. 



— European, i, 52: 2, 10; 

6, 33; 8, 21; 10, 98; 
ii» 43- 

— Witch, 4, 38. 
Heart-leaved alder, 12, 57. 
Hemlock, i, 41; 2, 57; 3, 

24; 4» 53; 5, 15; 6, 55; 

7, 42; 10, 7; II, 24. 
Hercules's club, i, 78, 85; 

9, 18. 

Hickory, Big shellbark or 
kingnut, 10, 114. 

— Kingnut, 10, 114. 

— Mockernut, 2, 18; 2, 65; 

3, 66; 4, 2>3; II, 6. 

— Pignut, 4, 45- 

— Shagbark or shellbark, 3, 

81 ; 4, 61. 

— Shellbark, Big, 10, 114. 

— Small mockernut, 3, 2>2) \ 

10, 57- 

— White-heart, 2, 18, 65; 3, 

66: 4, 33- 
Himalayan spruce, 11, 23. 
Hoary or speckled alder, 7, 

61. 
Holly, American, i, 121; 10, 

54; II, 28. 

— European, i, 48; 3, 40. 
Honey locust, 9, 6; 10, 69; 

11, 85. 
Honeysuckle, Fly, 5, 43; 10, 

16. 

— Fragrant, i, 47; 4, 39; 5, 

10; 8, 2>7; 9, ^2\ II, 
21. 

— Hall's Japan, 7, 18; 11, 

41. 

— Standish's, 9, 88. 

— Tartarian, i, 84. 

— Tartarian, Variety alba, 

9, 93- 
Hop Hornbeam, i, 35; 10, 
88; II, 86; 12, 64. 



229 



— Tree or shrubby trefoil, 

4, 56; 5, 21; 6, 41; 
7, 15; 8, 22. 
Hornbeam American, 2, 5 ; 
4, 20; 5, 61; 6, 24, 25, 
34, 39, 46; 7, 40; 10, 64, 
II, 19; 12, 4. 

— European, i, 39; 2, 47; 

6, 4; 10, 95, 100; II, 

77; 12, I. 

— Hop, I, 35; 10, 88; II, 

86; 12, 64. 

Hornbeam-leaved maple, 3, 

13. 
Horsechestnut, Common, i, 
61. 

— Dwarf or large racemed, 

I, 66; 10, no; 12, 58. 

— Red-flowering, 10, 59; 

II, 57 

Huckleberry, 7, 53; 10, 77. 
Hydrangea, Garden, 3, yy. 

— Panicled, 3, 80. 

— Shady, i, 49, 2, 27, 9, 4. 

— Snowy, 7, 14, 57. 
Imperial cut-leaved European 

alder, 2, 46. 

— Paulownia, 12, 49. 
Indian bean tree. See Catal- 

pa. 
Indian Cedar, 3, 71. 

— Currant, 12, 13. 

Indigo, False, 5, 46; 8, 42; 

9, 16, 37' 
Intermediate-leaved For- 

sythia, 10, 82. 
Irish Juniper, 3, 19. 

— Yew, 3, 20. 

Ironwood. See Hop horn- 
beam. 

Japan Arbor Vitse, Blunt- 
leaved, II, 56. 

— Arbor Vitse, Golden pea- 

fruiting, 3, 18. 

— Arbor Vitse, Golden 

plume-leaved, i, 4. - 



— Arbor Vitse, Obtuse- 

leaved, 12, 72,. 

— Arbor Vitse, Plume- 

leaved, I, 5; 3» 39; 6, 62; 

10, Z2>- 

— Arbor Vitse, Variety 

squarrosa, i, 6; 3, 70. 

— Aucuba, 3, 41. 

— Barberry. See Thimhcrgs 

barberry. 

— Catalpa, Dwarf, i, 62; 

3, 78; 9» 81; 10, III. 

— Cedar, 6, 54. 

— Ground cypress. Golden 

pea-fruiting, 3, 18. 

— Ground cypress. Golden 

plume-leaved, i, 4. 

— Ground cypress. Plume- 

leaved, I, 5; 3, 39; 6, 
62; 10, 2>Z- 

— Ground cypress, Variety 

squarrosa, i, 6: 3, 70. 

— Honeysuckle, Hall's, 7, 

18; II, 41. 

— Judas tree, 3, 79; 12, 77. 

— Lemon, 11, 66. 

— Magnolia, Hall's; i, 105. 

— Mahonia or ashberry, 10, 

17. 

— Maple, 3, 5 ; 9, 38. 

— Pagoda tree, i, 38; 2, 

40; 3, 69; 7, 23; 9, 39. 

— Pagoda tree, Weeping, i, 

75; 3, 51; II, 30. 

— Parasol tree or umbrella 

pine, 3, 53. 

— Plum, 4, 15. 

— Quince, i, 18, 34; 2, 45; 

3, 37; 6, 18; 7, 11; 
8, 38; 9, 89; 10, 11; 

11, 84; 12, 34. 

— Silver fir, 9, 98. 

— Snowball, 3, 15; 4, 37; 9, 

57. 

— Stachyurus, 9, 33. 

— Wistaria, 10, 40, 



230 



— Yew. lo, 27, 

Josika lilac, 9, 59; 10, i. 
Judas Tree, i, 17; 5* 22; 6, 
20; 7, 22; 8, 28; 12, 42. 

— Tree, Japan; 3. 79; 12, 

June berry, 5, 9; 9, 24; 10, 

74- 
Juniper, Irish, 3, 19. 

— Polish, I, 5; 3» 21; 10, 6; 

II, 63. 
Kentucky coffee-tree, i, 36, 

3, 26; 5, 50; 9, 45- 
Kilmarnock willow, 3, 61. 
Kingnut hickory, 10, 114. 
Koelreuteria, i, 7 ; 2, 7 ; 3. 64 ; 

4, 57; 5, 65; 6, 17; 

7, 24; 8, 24; 9, 15, 45; 

11, 73; 12, 67. 
Laburnum, 2, 30 ; 9, 14. 
Larch, American, 10, 105. 

— European, 6, 13, 29; 10, 

43, 107. 

— European weeping, 6, 23; 

8, 14; 9, 8. 

Large Flowered syringa, 4, 
12; 6, 30, 52; 7, 19, 50, 
55 ; 8, 32; 10, 9- 

— Racemed dwarf horse- 

chestnut, I, 66; 10, no; 

12, s8. 

— Thorned variety of the 

scarlet fruited hawthorn, 

2, 68. 
Laurel, Mountain, 3, 43; 6, 

50 ; TO, T4, 55. 
Laurel-leaved willow, 7, 28; 

9, 69; 10, 80, 94. 
Lawson's erect cypress, 12, 

72. 
Lebanon cedar, 9, 102. 
Lemon, Japan, 11, 66. 
Lilac, 4, 21; 5, 67; 7, 21; 

7, 32; 10, 85, 86. 

— Chinese, Weeping, 3, 60, 



— Fringe-tree-leaved, or Jo- 

sika, 9, 59; 10, I. 
Lily, Day, 3, 11. 
Linden, European, i, 26; 2, 

12; 3, 29; 4, 3; 5, 31; 

6. 46; 7, i; 9, 91; 

11, 48; 12, 37. 

— European broad-leaved, 4, 

46; 5, 32, 63, 64; 7, 3- 

— European silver, i, 27; 

2, 6; 3, 44; 5. ^-h. 36; 

6, 49; 7» 2; 8, 6; 
9, 9; IT, 49; 12, 39- 

— European silver, Weep- 

ing, 3, 12; 5, 34; 6, 35; 
9, 27; 10, 106; 12, 2s^. 

— European small-leaved, 9, 

92; 12, 48. 

— European, Various-leaved, 

3, 55- 

Liquidambar. See Sweet gum. 
Locust, Bristly, 5, 44. 

— Common, i, 32; 4, 28; 9, 

66; 10, 66. 

— Honey, 9, 6; to, 69; 11, 

85. 
Lonibardy poplar, 9, 71; 11, 

29. 
Lovely azalea, i, yz\ 3» 42. 
Madeira nut, i, 122; 2, 34. 
Magnolia, Hall's Japan, i, 

105. 

— Purple, II, 2)7 ■ 

— Soulange's, i, 80: 6, 10; 

7, 56; 9» 54; ii» 38; 

12, 53. 

— Swamp, I, 106; 10, 60. 
Mahonia, Japan or ash- 
berry, 10, 17. 

Maple, ash-leaved or box 
elder, i, 93; 2, 4; 4, 6; 
5, 55; 6, '27; 8, 9; 
9, 26; II, 42. 

— Colchicum-leaved, 3, 14; 

II, .SO. 



231 



— Eagle's claw, i, 9. 

— English or field, i, 25; 2, 

59; 4, 54; 5» 66; 10, 23; 
12, 66. 

— Hornbeam-leaved. 3, 13. 

— Japan, 3, 5 ; 9» 38. 

— Mountain, 9, 95. 

— Northern China, 9, 63. 

— Norway, 2, 20; 3, 32; 4, 

47; 5, 29; 6, 40; 9, 36; 
12, 71. 

— Norway. Purple-leaved va- 

riety Geneva, 9, 62. 

— Red, 2, 62; 4, 16; 5, 28; 

6, 31, 36; 7» 35; 8, 12; 
10, 21 ; IT, 13; 12, 12. 

— Round-leaved, 9, 34. 

— Silver, i, 10; 2, 64; 3, 

59; 4, 31; 5» 27; 8, 40; 
9, 7; 10, 10; II, 47; 
12, 40. 

— Silver, Weir's cut-leaved, 

9, 107; 10, 83. 

— Striped, or moosewood. 

2, 67; 5» 13; 10, 97. 

— Sugar or rock, i, 99; 2, 

60; 3, 35; 7, 27; 8, 2; 

10, 24; 12, 46. 

— Sycamore, 2, .s8; 3, 25: 

4, s; S, .39. .S6: 8, 53; 
9, 35; II, 44; 12, 41- 

— Sycamore, Purple-leaved, 

3, 54- 

— Vme, 9, 34. 

— White. See Maple. Silver. 
Maple-leaved arrowwood or 

dockmackie, 2, 44. 
Missouri currant, 11, 8. 
Mock Orange (Sweet syrin- 

ga), I, 74; 4, 19; 6, 

28; 7, 9, 54. 

— Orange, Scentless, 9, 84. 
Mockernut, Hickory, 2, 18; 

2, 65; 3, 66; 4, 33; 

11, 6, 



— Hickory, Small, 3, 33 ; 

10, 57 

Moosewood, or striped ma- 
ple; 2, 67; 5, 13; 10, 97. 

Mossy-cup. or bur oak, i, 
117; 8, 47; 9, 96; 12, 
82. 

Mount Atlas or African Ce- 
dar. II, 53. 

Mountain Laurel, 3, 43 ; 6, 
59; 10, 14, 55. 

— Maple, 9, 95. 

— Sumac, Dwarf, i, 46; 9, 

60, 94; 12, 23. 
Mountain-ash, European, i, 

120; 9, 61. 
Mountain-ash-leaved spiraea, 

7, 38; 12, 14. 
Mugho pine, i, 31; 2, 29; 

7, 48; 10, 18. 
Mulberry Black, 2, 48. 

— French, i, 45. 

— Paper, 9, 97. 

— Red, 10, 102. 

— Russian weeping, 3, 58. 

— Weeping, Teas's or Rus- 

sian, 3, 58. 

— White, I, 58; 2, 35; 9, 

82. 
Myrtle, Wax, 9, 47. 
New American willow, 9, 

41. 
Ninebark. 3, 76; 5, 12; 6, 

53; 8, 20; 9, 20; 10, 65; 

12, 16. 
Noble silver fir, 6, 56. 
Nordmann's silver fir, i, 13 ; 

2, 21; 4, 2; 7, 62; 

11, 52. 

Northern prickly ash, 8, 31. 
Norway maple, 2, 20; 3, s^; 

4, 47; 5, 29; 6, 40; 

9, 36; 12, 71. 

— Maple, Purple-leaved, va- 

riety Geneva. 9, 62. 



232 



— Spruce, 3, 56: 4. 52; 5, 

19; 6, 12; 7, 45; 10, 
91 ; II, 2. 

— Spruce, Gregory's, 3, 62; 

10, 8. 

— Spruce, Weeping, i, ']^. 
Oak, Black, 2, 56; 4, 44; 9, 

52; II, 10; II, 25. 

— Bur, I, 117; 8, 47; 9, 96; 

12, 82. 

— Chestnut, 12, 56. 

— English, I, 65; 9, 100; 

12, 21. 

— English, Weeping; i, i. 

— Mossy-cup, I, 117; 8, 47; 

9, 96; 12, 82. 

— Pin, or Swamp Spanish, 

2, 61; 9, 51; II, 78; 
12, 55, 78. 

— Pyramid, 9, 65. 

— Red, I, 116; 4, 23; 10, 

84; II, 74; 12, 81. 

— Scarlet, i, loi ; 4, 2>^', 

11, 5 

Oak, Swamp Spanish. See 

Pin oak. 
Oak Turkey, i, 109; 12, 74. 

— Weeping English, i, i. 

— White, 2, 13; 4, 32; II, 

9: 12, 6. 

— Willow, I, III. 
Obtuse-leaved Japan arbor 

vitcT. 12, 73. 
Oleaster, i, 112; 6, 26; 7, 
16; 8, 13, 36: II, 81. 

— Umbel-flowered, 9, 106. 
Orange. Mock. See Mock 

orange. 

— Osage. 7, 30; 10, 87; 

II, 14- 
Oriental Arbor Vitse, Thread- 
like, II, 69. 

— Plane tree, i, 57, 59; 6, 

i: II, 79. 

— Spruce, I, 14; 5, 25; 10, 

41. 



Osage Orange, 7, 30; 10, 

87; II, 14- 
Osier, Red, 8, 11; 10, 52; 

11, 58. 

— Siberian red, 8, 46. 
Oval-leaved variety, cockspur 

thorn, 9, 86. 
Pagoda Tree, Japan, i, 38; 
2, 40; 3, 69; 7, 23; 
9, 39- 

— Tree, Weeping Japan, i, 

75; 3, 51; II, 30. 
Panicled Dogwood, 11, 3. 

— Hydrangea, 3, 80. 
Paper Birch, i, 12; 4, 26; 5, 

18; 7, 43; 12, 26. 

— Mulberry, 9, 97. 
Paulownia, Imperial, 12, 49. 
Pea tree, Siberian, 2, 31 ; 4, 

50; 9, 31. 

Peach, Red-flowering, Dou- 
ble, 3, 63. 

Pear hawthorn, 5, 5; 9, 12, 
21. 

Pearl bush. 4, 17. 

Pepper Bush, Common sweet ; 
2, 11; 10, 22; II, 4; 

12, 80. 

Pepperidge, or sour gum, 2, 

55: II, 55; 12, 45- 
Persimmon, 5, 60. 
Pignut hickory, 4, 45. 
Pin or swamp Spanish oak, 

2, 61; 9, 51; II, 78; 

12, 55- 78. 
Pine, Austrian, i, 2; 2, 52; 3, 

6; 4, 9; 5, 42; 6, 14; 

9, 43; 10, 30; 12, 25. 

— Bhotan, i, 37; 2, 25, 43; 

4, 7; 10, 5 

— Corsican, i, 89. 

— Mugho, I, 31; 2, 29; 7, 

48; 10, 18. 

— Pitch, 7, 63. 

— Scotch, I, 60; 6, 13; 7, 

49. 



{ 



^z^ 



■ — Swiss stone, i, 3; 3> 22; 
4, 27; 5, 3; 12, 60. 

— Umbrella, 3» 53- 

— White, 3, 28; 5. 58; 10, 

26; II, 46; 12, 22. 
Pipe vine or Dutchman's 

pipe, II, 72. 
Pitch pine, 7, 63. 
Plane tree, Oriental, i, 57, 

59; 6, I ; II, 79- 
Plum, Japan, 4, 15. 
Plume-leaved English elm, 

6, 64. 

— Japan ground cypress. 

See Japan ground ey- 

press. Plume-leaved. 
Podocarpus, Chinese, 3, 31. 
Polish juniper, i, 5; 3, 21; 

10, 6; II, 63. 
Poplar, Lombardy, 9, 71 ; 11, 

29. 

— White, 10, 71. 
Prickly ash. Northern, 8, 31. 
Privet, Californian, i, 94, 

2, i; 4, 40; 8, 16; 

9, 44; II, 18; 12, 2. 24. 

— Common, 11, 20; 12, 18. 
Purple Barberry, i, 68; 4, 

42; 7, 41. 

— Beech, European ; 9, 42, 

10, 67. 

— Magnolia, 11, 37. 

— Willow, 10, 113, 115. 
Purple-leaved English elm, 

I, 86; 12, 75. 

— Norway maple, variety 

Geneva, 9, 62, 

— Sycamore maple, 3, 54. 
Pyramid oak, 9, 65. 
Pyramidal variety, American 

arbor vitse, 5, 24. 
Quince, Chinese, 5, 48. 

— Japan, i, 18, 34; 2, 45; 

3, 37; 6, 18; 7» 11: 
8, 38; 9, 89; 10, 11; 

11, 84; 12, 34. 



RamanaS rose, II, 7- 
Red Birch, i, 103. 

— Cedar, 5, 23. 

— Cherry, Wild, 2, 26. 

— Maple, 2, 62; 4, 16; 5, 

28; 6, 31, 36; 7, 35; 8, 
12; 10, 21; II, 13; 12, 
12. 

— Mulberry, 10, 102. 

— Oak, I, 116; 4, 23; 10, 

84; II, 74; 12, 81. 

— Osier, 8, 11; 10, 52; 11, 

58. 

— Osier, Siberian, 8, 46. 
Redbud. See Judas tree. 
Red-flowering Dogwood, 4, 

29. 

— Horsechestnut, 10, 59; 

II, 57- 

— Peach, Double, 3, 63. 
Reeve's spiraea, Double flow- 
ered, I, 30; 5, 4- 

Reeve's spiraea, Single flow- 
ered, I, 29; 5, 6; 7, 10; 

9, 72; 10, 72. 
Retinospora. See Japan ar- 
bor z'itce. 

Rhododendron (Rosy lilac 
colored flowers), 11, 68. 

Rhododendrons, Various 
kinds, 3, 46; 10, 13. 

Ring-leaved willow, 9, 79. 

River birch, i, 103. 

Rock or sugar maple, 2, 60; 
3, 35; 7, 27; 8, 2; 

10, 24; 12, 46. 

Rose of Sharon, or althaea, 

11, 31- 

Rose, Ramanas, 11, 7. 
Round-leaved maple, 9, 34. 
Rowan tree. See European 

mountain ash. 
Royal white willow, 10, 78. 
Russian weeping mulberry, 

3, 58. 
Salmon-barked willow, 9, 80. 



^34 



Sassafras, i, 43; 3. 82; 4, 
63; 5, 57; II. 76; 12, 7. 

Scarlet Fruited hawthorn, i, 
95; 9, 83; II, 32. 

— Fruited hawthorn, Large 

thorned variety, 2, 68. 

— Oak, I, loi; 4, 36; n, 5- 
Scentless mock orange or sy- 

ringa, 9, 84. 
Scotch Elm, I, 11; 2, 49; 
3, 50; 7, 46; 8, 8; 

9, 75; II, 60; 12, 10. . 

— Pine, I, 60; 6, 15; 7, 49. 
Senna, Bladder, 9, 103. 
Service berry, 5, 9; 9, 24; 

10, 74- 
Sessile-leaved Weigela, i, 

114; 12, 59. 
Shadbush, 5, 9; 9, 24; 10, 

74- 
Shady hydrangea, i, 49; 2, 

27; 9, 4- 

Shagbark or shellbark hick- 
ory, 3, 81; 4, 61. 

Sheepberry, 9, 104; 12, 54. 

Shellbark or shagbark hick- 
ory, 3, 81 ; 4, 61. 

Shrubby Trefoil, 4, 56; 5, 21 ; 
6, 41 ; 7, 15 ; 8. 22. 

— Wistaria, 3, 3. 

Siberian Pea tree, 2, 31 ; 4, 
50; 9. 31- 

— Red Osier, 8, 46. 
Silk vine, Grecian, 10, 51. 
Silver Bell or snowdrop tree, 

1, 24; 5, 45; 7, 12; 

11, 34- 

— Fir, Cephalonian, i, 33 ; 

3, 17; 10, 47. 

— Fir, European, 10, 104. 

— Fir, Japan, 9, 98. 

— Fir, Noble, 6, 56. 

12, 19. 

— Fir, Nordmann's, i, 13; 

2, 21; 4, 2; 7, 62; 
II, 52. 



— Linden, European, I, 27 

2, 6; 3, 44; 5, 33, 36 
6, 49; 7, 2; 8, 6 
9, 9; II, 49; 12, 39. 

— Linden, Weeping Euro- 

pean, 3, 12; 5, 34; 6, 35; 
9, 27; 10, 106; 12, 36. 

— Maple, I, 10; 2, 64; 3, 

59; 4, 31; 5, 27; 8, 40; 
9, 7; 10, 10; II, 47; 
12, 40. 

— Maple, Weir's cut-leaved; 

9, 107; 10, 83. 
Single-leaved European ash, 

I, no; 5, I ; 8, 5, 26. 
Slender Deutzia, i, 67; 3, 30; 

10, 39; II, 40. 

Small mockernut hickory, 3, 
33; 10, 57- 

Small-leaved European lin- 
den, 9, 92; 12, 48. 

Smoke tree, i, 28; 9, 19. 

Smooth Alder, 9, 99. 

— Branched English elm, 

12, 9. 

— Sumac, 12, 17. 

— Winterberry, i, 118. 
Snowball, Common, i, 40; 

8, 49. 

— Japan, 3, 15; 4, 37; 9, 

57- 
Snowdrop tree. See Silver 

bell. 
Snowy hydrangea, 7, 14, 57. 
Soulange's magnolia, i, 80; 

6, 10; 7, 56; 9, 54; 

11, 38; 12, 53. 

Sour gum or pepperidge, 2, 

55; II, 55; 12, 45. 
Southern catalpa. See Ca- 

talpa, Southern. 
Spanish chestnut, i, 100; 
Speckled or hoary alder, 7, 

61. 
Spicebush, i, 107; 2, 24; 3, 

65; 10, 38. 



!35 



Spindle-tree, European. 8, 
45; 9, 67; 10, 70. 

— Thunberg's, i, 119. 

— Winged, i, 119. 
Spiraea, Bridal wreath, i, 44; 

5, 35; 7, 13- 

— Bumald's, i, 8. 

— Fortune's dwarf white, i, 

81. 

— Mountain-ash-Ieaved. 7, 

38; 12, 14. 

— Reeve's double-flowered, 

I, 30; 5, 4; 

— Reeve's single-flowered, 

I, 29; 5, 6; 7, 10; 

9, 72; 10, ^2. 

— Van Houtte's, 2, Z2)'^ 4. 

14; 5, 7; 10, 45; II, 82. 
Spruce, Alcock's, 6, 57. 

— Colorado blue, 2, 19; 4, 

8. ^ 

— Gregory's Norway; 3, 62; 

10, 8. 

— Himalayan, 11, 23. 

— Norway, 3, 56; 4, 52; 5, 

19; 6, 12; 7, 45; 10, 
91 ; II, 2. 

— Norway, Gregory's, 3, 

62; 10, 8. 

— Norway, Weeping, i, 76. 

— Oriental, i, 14; 5, 25; 

10, 41. 

— Weeping Norway, i, 76. 
Stachyurus, Japan, 9, ■2^:i^. 
Staghorn sumac, i, 2>Z- 
Standish's honeysuckle, 9, 88, 
Stone pine, Swiss, i, 3; 3, 

22; 4, 27; 5, 3; 12, 60. 
Strawberry Bush, American, 

II, 17. 

— Shrub. Sweet scented, 

11, 16. 

Striped maple or moose- 
wood, 2, 67; 5, 13; 10, 
97- 



Sugar or rock maple, i, 99; 

2, 60; 3, 35; 7, 27; 

8, 2; 10, 24; 12, 46. 
Sugarberry, 6, 3 ; 8, 35; 10, 

42; 12, 35. 
Sumac, Dwarf mountain, I, 

46; 9, 60, 94; 12, 23. 

— Smooth, 12, 17. 

— Staghorn, i, 53. 
Swamp magnolia, i, 106; 

10, 60. 

— ■ Spanish oak. Ses Pin 
oak. 

Sweet Bay or swamp mag- 
nolia, I, 106; 10, 60. 

— Birch. See Cherry birch. 

— Buckeye, 10, 58. 

— Gum or bilsted, i, 96; 2, 

17; II, 45; 12, 8. 

— Pepper bush, Common, 2, 

11; 10, 22; II, 4; 12, 
80. 

— Scented strawberry shrub, 

11, 16. 

— Syringa. i, 74; 4, 19; 6, 

28; 7, 9. 54- 

— Viburnum, 9, 104; 12, 

54- 
Swiss stone pine, i, 3; 3, 22; 

4, 27; 5, 3; 12, 60. 
Sycamore. See Buttoniuood. 
Sycamore Maple. 2, 58; 3, 

25; 4, 5; 5» 39, 56; 8, 

53: 9» 35; II, 44; 12, 

41. 

— Maple, Purple-leaved, 3, 

54- 
Syringa, (Philadelphus), 

Large-flowered, 4, 12; 
6, 30, 52; 7, 19- 50, 55; 
8, 32; 10, 9. 

— Scentless, 9, 84. 

— Sweet, I, 74; 4, 19; 6, 

28 ; 7, 9, 54- 

— White-stamened, 10, 12. 



236 



Tamarack. Sec Larch, 

American. 
Tamarisk, French, 2, 39; 9, 

68. 
Tartarian Honeysuckle, i, 

84. 

— Honeysuckle, Variety alba, 

9. 93. 

Teas's Weeping mulberry, 3, 

58. 
Thorn. See Hawthorn. 
Thread-like Oriental arbor 

vitse, II, 69. 
Thunberg's Barberry, 4, 13. 

— Spindle tree, i, 119. 
Toothache tree. See North- 
ern prickly ash. 

Tree Alder. See Alder, Euro- 
pean. 

— Box. See Box. 

— Celandine, 10, 48. 
Tree-of-Heaven, 9, 56; 12, 

15- 
Trefoil, Shrubby or hop tree, 

4, 56; 5, 21; 7, 15; 

8, 22. 
Tulip tree, i, 88; 2, 23; 3, 

47; 4, I ; 5, 41; 6, 6; 

7, 5; 8, 17; 10, 68; 

II, 51 

Tupelo. See Sour gum. 
Turkey oak, i, 109; 12, 74. 
Umbel-flowered oleaster, 9, 

106. 
Umbrella Pine, 3, 53. 

— Tree, i, 83; 5, 38; 6, 8; 

7, 37; 9, 53;. 10, 61. 
Van Houtte's spiraea, 2, 33; 

4, 14; 5, 7; 10, 45; 

II, 82. 
Variegated English yew, 2, 

42: 6, 63; II, 67. 

— Weigela, 2, 22; 4, 18; 6, 

19. 
Various-leaved European lin- 
den, 3, 55. 



Viburnum, Dentatuni, i, SSI 
5, 40; 8, 44; 9» 48; 
10, 79- 

— Lentago, 9, 104; 12, 54. 

— Rugosum, 10, 89. 

— Sweet, 9, 104; 12, 54. 
Vine, Grecian silk, 10, 51. 

— Maple, 9, 34. 

Walnut, Black, i, 91; 3, 8; 
4, 60. 

— Caucasian, 11, 61. 

— English, I, 122; 2, 34. 
Washington thorn, 2, 63; 5, 

47 ; 8» 34- 
Water beech. See Hornbeam, 

American. 
Wax myrtle, 9, 47. 
Wayfaring tree, 10, 89. 
Weeping Bald cypress, 2, 32; 

6,44; 9, 55. 

— Beech, European, i, 16; 8, 

7; 9, 49. 

— Chinese lilac, 3, 60. 

— Cut-leaved European 

white birch, 9, 23. 

— English oak, 1,1. 

— English yew, 3, 68. 

— European ash, i, 104. 

— European beech, i, 16; 8, 

7 ; 9, 49- 

— European larch, 6, 23 ; 8, 

14; 9,8. 

— European silver linden, 3, 

12; 5, 34; 6, 35; 9, 27; 
10, 106; 12, 36. 

— Golden bell or Forsythia, 

3, 75; II, 83. 

— Japan pagoda tree, i, 75; 

3, 51; II, 30. 

— Mulberry, Teas's or Rus- 

sian, 3, 58. 

— Norway spruce, i, 76. 

— Willow, I, 64; 10, 109. 
Weigela, i, 90; 5, 11, 17, 

54; 6, 51; 7, 4, 8; 8, 27, 
48, 50; 10, 29; 12, 65. 



n7 



<— Sessile-leaved, i, 114; 12, 

59- 

— Variegated, 2, 22; 4, 18; 

6, 19. 

Weir's cut-leaved silver ma- 
ple, 9, 107; 10, 83. 

White Ash, i, 92; 3, 73; 4, 
35; 5, 20; 6, 45 ; 7» 25; 
8, 3; 10, 62. 

— Beam tree, 11, 75. 

— Birch, American, 4, 55: 6, 

21; 7, 59; II, 26. 

— Birch, European, 9, i, 76. 
-- Elm, 3, 10; 4, 49; 6, 9; 

7, 17, 26; 8, 33; 9, 74; 
10, loi ; II, 27; 12, 
II. 

— Mulberry, i, 58; 2, 35; 

9,82. 

— Oak, 2, 13; 4, 32; II, 9: 

12, 6. 

— Pine, 3, 28; 5, 58; 10, 

26; II, 46; 12, 22. 

— Poplar, 10, 71. 

— Stamened syringa, 10, 12. 

— Willow, Royal, 10, 78. 
White-heart hickory, 2, 18, 

. 65; 3, 66; 4, ZZ- 
Wild red cherry, 2, 26. 
Willow, Babylonian or weep- 
ing, I, 64; 10, 100. 

— Babylonian, Golden- 

barked. 9, 50. 

— Bay, 7, 28; 9, 69; 10, 80, 

94. 

— Blue, 3, 57; 10, 8r. 

— Curled-leaved, 9, 79. 

II, 67. 

— Golden barked Babylonian, 

9, 50. 

— Golden or yellow, 6, 50; 

7, 2>Z\ 10, 32. 

— Kilmarnock, 3, 61. 

— Laurel-leaved, 7, 28 ; 9, 

69; 10, 80, 94. 



— New American, 9, 41. 

— Oak, I, III. 

— Purple, 10, 113, 115. 

— Ring-leaved, 9, 79. 

— Royal white, 10, 78. 

— Salmon barked, 9, 80. 

— Weeping, i, 64; 10, 109. 

— Weeping, Golden barked ; 

9, 50. 

— White, Royal, 10, 78. 

— Yellow, 6, 50; 7, 2>Z\ 10, 
. 32. 

Willow-leaved European ash, 
I, 108. 

— European flowering ash, 9, 

. 3- 
Winterberry, Common, or 
black alder, 11, 2)Z- 

— Smooth, I, 118. 
Wistaria, Chinese, 7, 7; 10, 

Z7' 

— Japan, 10, 40. 

— Shrubby, 3, 3. 
Witch hazel, 4, 38. 
Yellow Birch. 6, 2; 12, 20. 

— Flowered buckeye, 2, 37. 

— Willow, 6, 50; 7, ZZ\ 10, 

Yellow-wood, i, 50; 2, 9; 4, 
51; 5, 16; 9, 30; II, 35; 
12, 68. 

Yew, European or English, 3, 
16; 10, 19; II, 62; 12. 

63- 

— European or English, 

Golden, 11, 70. 

— European or English, Va- 

riegated, 2, 42 ; 6, 63 ; 

— European or English, 

Weeping, 3, 68. 

— Irish. 3, 20. 

— Japan. 10, 2^]. 

— Variegated English, 2, 42 ; 

6, 63; II, 67. 
Yucca, 3, 48. 



..notes 



..Kotes. . 



..notes 



f£e. 26 1903 



